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A Grammar of English Practice Book for Law Students ЕXERCISES 11. It is necessary to accept



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A Grammar of English Practice Book for Law Students
ЕXERCISES
11. It is necessary to accept the obligations under the UN Char-
ter for any state to become a member of the Organization.
12. For the evidence to be valid in court it must be properly 
handledtransferredpreserved and presented.
13. To prevent a new discovery or scientific process from being 
copied, it is necessary to apply for a patent (the grant of an exclusive 
right to exploit an invention).
14. Consumers now have the right to be correctly informed 
about quality, price and credit terms.
15. To prevent other business from using their trademark, com-
panies often register them.
16. The Court of Appeal reversed the decision of the High Court 
on the grounds that the courts have no power to suspend the applica-
tion of legislation or to grant an injunction against the government.
17. The US Special Courts have been established to consider 
cases which are sometimes difficult for an ordinary judge to under-
stand.
18. It is necessary for at least ten of the twelve jurors to agree 
on the verdict in order to find a defendant guilty.
19. To enforce its laws against those who disagreed with it, the 
Church of the Middle Ages created the Inquisition.
Exercise 99. Point out the Subjective-with-the-Infinitive 
Construction (Complex Subject), translate the sentences into 
Russian:
1. Parliamentary debates are considered to be the main influ-
ence on legislation.
2. More serious criminal offences are said to be indictable, i.e. 
they are tried by indictment in a higher level of court.
3. The parties are required to carry out the contract properly.
4. Express public trusts are known to work for charitable pur-
poses.
5. Today statutes are considered to play a larger role than in the 
past, but judicial decisions remain of central importance.
6. The struggle between positivist and natural law conceptions 
is known to dominate American legal thinking.
7. The aim of cross-examination is known to weaken or destroy 
the earlier evidence.
8. Judges as a group are also known to be called the judiciary.


99
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ
Сборник упражнений по грамматике английского языка для студентов-юристов
9. In the decision-making process, judges are expected to be in-
dependent and able to act without any restriction, improper influence, 
inducements, pressures, threats or interferences (direct or indirect).
10. Express trusts are known to be divided into express private 
trusts and express public trusts.
11. The new Supreme Court of Great Britain is supposed to put 
the relationship between the executive, the legislature and the judici-
ary on a modern footing.
12. The internal management of the company is known to be 
regulated by a document called the Articles of Associations.
13. Hearing cases in substance is known to be the main func-
tion of magistrates’ courts.
14. A contract is said to come into existence when acceptance 
of an offer has been communicated to the offeror by the offeree.
15. Rules and regulations of the Christian church, especially the 
Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Anglican churches are known 
to be Canon law.
16. The prison system in England may be said to have devel-
oped from three sources: the House of Correction; the Common or 
Local Prison and the Penitentiary.
17. The investigators are required to prove all the facts, those 
for and against the accused.
18. Law may be said to consist of rules for the guidance of a 
man in his relations with other people.
19. Law seems to exist apart from a man and is not even no-
ticed by him until it is called upon to defend interests that have been 
the object of encroachments.


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