суық сөзі =
cold
(unpleasant,
offensive) words;
[Сонан кейін-ақ суық үрей бойын алған жау шабуылға - жасқаншақ, қорғануға -
шорқақ]. суық үрей = cold fear;
[Буыныңды суық алған ғой…] суық алған = get cold (become ill) ;
[Осыған дейін қаперіңе кірмеген бір суық сезім жүрегіне шауып шошып қалды]
суық сезім = cold feelings (presentiment, foreboding) ;
[Суық, ызғарлы сұлулығымен тек ертегілерде ғана кездесетіндей адам баласын таң қалд
ырарлық бір ғажайып сурет…] cуық, ызғарлы сұлулық = cold beauty;
[....деген тағы да суық сыбыс естілді…] суық сыбыс = cold gossisps (unpleasant, bad);
[Ғаббас әлі күнге Ғайша сөзіне өзге жолдастарындай суық сынмен қараған жоқ-ты…
]
суық сын = cold criticizing look;
[Бір мезгілде іргеден суық қол кіріп келді…] суық қол (cold hand) = thief;
[Ит байласа тұрғысыз «адам тұрып‚тіршілік жасап болмайтын‚
жайсыз‚
көңілсіз‚
суық үй‚мекен-жай»] суық үй = cold house = empty place;
[Сен бұзылған түсі суық дүниеге шошына қарадың...] суық дүниеге = cold world =
severe, cruel world;
[Әттең қазақтың салқын көңіл суық жігіті-ай!...] суық жігіт = cold guy = indifferent guy;
[Таң алдында жауған қардан кейін осынау буалдыр мұнар ішінде түсі суық түксиген дү
ние – мұз да, жер де – түгел аппақ]. түсі суық түксиген дүние = frowning, dull world;
[Бұл суық жүріс әрбіреудің көңліне көмескі түйін байлады…] суық жүріске салыну →
fool around/about;
[Керісінше, кісілігі жоқ адам «қара бет, суық, көк бет, қалың бет, т. т.» болып келеді].
суық бет = cold face = ungrateful, inhuman;
On the next stage of our survey we entered lexemes related to the semantic group of words
such as cold and query "cold" returned 11623 hits in 1933 different texts (98,313,429 words [4,048
texts]; frequency: 118.22 instances per million words) [0.184 seconds].
[Now something more than a quelling look appeared on Lord Woodleigh's fine-bred
features. Cold anger.] cold = anger;
[But then he turned towards the stairs and his face went grim and cold]. Cold face =
indifferent, angry, severe look;
[..a mixture of soft words and cold fingers] cold = fear;
[This place isn't beautiful, it's miserable - bloody cold, bloody....] cold = frozen blood;
[I felt a cold thrill in my bones when I realized the implications of the word ‘hunters’…] cold
= fear, thrill;
[The martyrdom of his father in 203 left him with a cold antipathy…] cold = indifference;
[‘Why did he want people to cast a cold eye on him?’] cold eye = criticism;
[An enigmatic amalgam of cold ruthlessness and surprising kindness and sensitivity] cold =
ruthlessness;
[The cold began to seep into her] cold = liquid;
[I love her but I take an intense, cold interest in noting the signs] cold = prudence;
[The gentle old men who took up the presidency of Lebanon had about them a streak of cold
savagery...] cold = savagery;
[I fancied I could hear the cold laughter of market traders...] cold = severe, ruthlessness;
[roll in the swells for days, with the moisture beading the shrouds and the air as cold as
charity…] cold = charity;
[Both Price Waterhouse and now Touche Ross have dallied with the Deloitte domestic
partnership and been given the cold shoulder]. The cold shoulder = a show of intentional
unfriendliness, rejection.
Вестник КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова ISSN 1608-2206 Серия филологическая, № 4, 2019
134
The analysis of the results demonstrate that the semantic structure of the English noun cold
and суық contains the following meanings:
1. The prevalence of low temperature in the atmosphere or any object. Cold stands for a wide
range of low temperatures. On the one hand, this word can mean temperatures below zero or close
to zero, which can cause unpleasant sensations.
On the other hand, сold can mean a temperature much higher than zero, but much lower than
the temperature of the human body. In this case, cold is not associated with any unpleasant
associations:
2. Sensе of loss or lack of heat
3. Disease (common cold, runny nose)
4. Negative moral quality (cynicism, anger, soullessness, coldness)
5. Very low air temperature. Compared to cold frost, the degree of cold intensity is higher.
Frost means severe frost, causing a tingling or burning sensation
6. Low air temperature, unpleasant, piercing cold, causing trembling
7. Disease resulting because of the body cooling.
8. Sense of cold, chills as a result of fear, nervous tension
9. Unfriendliness, cold handling
10. Very low air temperature, very cold, causing unpleasant sensеs
Thus, the English noun cold and Kazakh суық have the same meaning “low air temperature”.
Cold also means a very low temperature, causing a burning sensation, pinching. frost can
cause both unpleasant and pleasant associations that indicates a very high degree of cold, which is
difficult to tolerate.
The English word cold and the Kazakh words “cold” and “суық” can mean a sensation caused
by loss or lack of heat, fear or some kind of emotional stress.
The English word cold сan mean "illness as a result of cooling the body." In Kazakh, in the
analyzed words, such a meaning (get cold) салқын тию.
The meaning “endurance, composure, calmness in any conditions”, present in English cold,
does not find equivalents in the structure of the analyzed English and Kazakh nouns.
As a comparison of semantic structures shows, words, having a complex semantic structure,
do not completely coincide in their semantic volume with words of one language that are close in
meaning and with their correspondences in another language.
A special role is played by the experience of direct interaction with the material world,
reflected on the linguistic level, in particular, in the form of ontological metaphors. So a person
through his own internal sensations gives an assessment of objects by physiological touch and
sensory system, thus the perception of the external world is transmitted through tactile sensations,
for example, how a person feels cold. So the cold awakens something unpleasant.
CONCLUSION
The analysis consists of two stages, corresponding, in our opinion, to two sequential transfer
mechanisms. At the first stage, it was established that cool characterizes a manner of behavior. A
"cool person"; means one who is said to behave in a manner resembling having a moderately low
temperature. This metaphorical meaning of the adjective is the result of a transfer based on a
comparison of the intensity of the manifestation of the emotional sensation with the intensity of the
sensation of temperature: cool object = cool (controlled, restrained) feelings.
The next, we can distinguish the metaphorical transfer of the meaning of the noun, based on
the presupposition that human actions bear the imprint of the state in which he is present:
In the study of possible motivation based on maintaining the initial image of a rather low
temperature, the adjective's metonymic value is the result of the transfer according to the “cause -
effect” model based on the presumption that when a person is practically not worried, his body
Ш. Уәлиханов атындағы КМУ хабаршысы ISSN 1608-2206 Филология сериясы. № 4, 2019
135
temperature is compared with the body temperature in an excited state seems “relatively low”: cool
body involves cold feelings.
English cold can mean both light cold and severe cold. The word cold can be associated with
both pleasant and unpleasant sensations. The essential meanings of “cold” and “суық” include the
following meanings:
1. Low or relatively low temperature of something: cold air, cold water, etc.
2. Restraint, lack of warmth in relations with someone, in circulation
3. Impartiality, lack of temperament. As a comparison of semantic structures shows, words,
having a complex semantic structure, do not completely coincide in their semantic volume with
words of one language that are close in meaning and with their correspondences in another
language:
1. Low air temperature.
2. The use of the word “cold” in the meaning of “low air temperature” can be associated both
with unpleasant associations, for example: piercing cold, damp cold, exhausting cold, and with
associations that do not cause negative emotions.
3. Unpleasant state or feeling as a result of cold, fear.
4. An unpleasant impression or feeling of alienation, loneliness, abandonment.
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10. http://web-corpora.net/KazakhCorpus/search/?interface_language=kz
11. http://bncweb.lancs.ac.uk/
М.С. Оңғарбаева
1
, Р.М. Таева
2
, Т.П. Колесникова
3
, А.Т. Алимбаева
4
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