Ш. Уәлиханов атындағы кму хабаршысы issn 1608-2206 Филология сериясы. №4, 2019
LATIN ALPHABET IN KAZAKHSTANI ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT: WHAT IS A
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Vestnik 4 2019
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Political and economic factor.
- Language (linguistic) factor
- Socio-social factor.
- Education policy.
- Cultural factor.
| LATIN ALPHABET IN KAZAKHSTANI ACADEMIC ENVIRONMENT: WHAT IS A
PRECISELY PRODUCTIVE TEACHING FRAMEWORK? The article researches the role of Latin graphics in Kazakhstani academic environment and effective education. We have systematized the historical overview of the graphic symbols used by the Kazakh people and their scientific description in this article. The factors influencing them are organized as well. The advantages and disadvantages of existing projects and activities are determined by studying the Latin script. We proposed suggestions for additional updates and changes to the projects. You can get acquaintance with the analysis as a result of the survey conducted among social networks and academic readers. Digital results have been sorted by analyzes made during the research. Efficient methods of mastering Latin graphics are introduced for the effective development of the academic environment of Kazakhstan. Every year the number of supporters of the transition to Latin graphics is growing according to the convincing evidence. Keywords: linguistics, graphics, spelling, orthoepy, writing, alphabet.
INRODUCTION Graphics is aset of marks (letters and punctuation marks) to define the language sounds. There were several types of scripts used in different periods in Turkic languages, including the Kazakh language. The first one is the Ancient Turkic writing. According to scientists, this script was used in the V-VIII centuries and they remain in tombs and rupestral rocks. Then, the ancient Uighur script similar to the ancient Turkic writing was used. Due to the introduction of Islam in the IX-X centuries, the Turkic people had used Arabian graphics (exactly the same as they were used by the Arabs without alteration or any changes) for about ten centuries. Starting from the 20th century the history of writing of all Turkic languages can be divided into the following periods: 1. The period of application of Arabic graphics (harmonized with the sound characteristics of the Turkic people); 2. The period of transition to Latin graphics; 3. Period of transition to Cyrillic graphics. A. Baitursynov was the scientist who made the “direct spelling” based on the Arabian graphics; he was able to adapt Arabic graphics to the Kazakh sound system. The scientist N. Wali wrote about him as "At the beginning of the twentieth century A. Baitursynov translated the Kazakh Вестник КГУ им. Ш. Уалиханова ISSN 1608-2206 Серия филологическая, № 4, 2019
358 writing and drawing to the democratically-oriented (popular) language; stepped to phonographic recording of the Kazakh written phonetic record; formed the basis of national writing. At this critical moment of the Kazakh writing development in ontogenetic period A. Baitursynov was a unique man of the epoch in the depths of the mind searching and with loyal and linguistic thought [1, 13]. This writing served the cultural and spiritual development of the Kazakh people until 1929, under the name of Kazakh writing. On July 25, 1929, by the decree of the Central Executive Committee of Kazakhstan, the rules of writing of 12 and 18 words were adopted. The scientist Kuderinova, specializing ontogenetic development of the Kazakh writing, wrote, "The first spelling rule of the Kazakh language was adopted in 1929 with the Latin script. It defines the main principles of spelling. Fragmentary words are marked according to the principle of subscription of the Kazakh language verbs. The main orthography in our current spelling has been defined in the Spelling rules of 1929 [2,103]. Such comments were made in the 1940 s, when the new Cyrillic alphabet was based on Russian graphics. It noted that this record has caused great difficulties in issuing the Kazakh language sound system. The scientist T.Kudabaev suggested that "our country has gained independence and our language has the state language, so that it would be possible to rewrite our existing writing based on ancient Turkic or Latin graphics instead of using the existing alphabet on the pages of periodicals" the shortcomings of the Cyrillic writing have been frequently discussed in periodicals [3, 70]. The issue of Latin alphabet was raised and discussed over the last years. The President of Kazakhstan, N.Nazarbayev, suggested the move to the Latin language for the first time in 2006. In the article titled "The Orientation to the Future: The Spiritual Renaissance" in 2017, the President wrote: “there is a deep logic of moving to Latin. It depends on the peculiarities of the modern technological environment, communication, as well as the scientific and educational process of the 21st century. Our children are learning English and Latin alphabet at school. Therefore, there will be no difficulties, no obstacles for the younger generation."He expressed his confidence that the Latin alphabet would expand the scope of the Kazakh language and set specific targets [4]. Since then, the transition to Latin alphabet has been intense, and various social groups have encouraged the transition to the Latin language of the Kazakh language. The transition to the Latin alphabet is caused by political, economic, cultural, linguistic, socio-economic motivations. They can be classified as follows: 1. Political and economic factor. First, Latin graphic writing for world trade and economic relations is more effective. Secondly, the same languages as those of the common Turkic-origin countries have been written down with various alphabets so far, the writing of the Turkic-speaking states that use the Latin alphabet is not unified. The creation of common alphabets for all will strengthen the historical, spiritual, cultural ties between Turkic states, and lead to mutual integration. Thirdly, in the past centuries, one of the factors that led to unite the Kazakhs' spread in the four parts of the world due to different historical and political conditions. 2. Language (linguistic) factor. The transition to the Latin alphabet will further expand the scope of the state language. Regarding the purity of language, it is possible to reduce the letters of modern sounds in our language, thus preserving the natural state of the Kazakh language. Other nationalities could also influence the study of the state language. 3. Socio-social factor. If the XXI century is the age of information, today's computer era can control power in the hands of the world's information system. The main tool for information is writing. That is, the dominant in the Internet system is Latin graphics. 4. Education policy. Firstly, spellingruleswillbe reduced when teaching the Kazakh language. Secondly, by obliging the Latin script to teach the basics, it is possible to teach the language learners not only in Kazakh, but also in writing. Thirdly, the process of new alphabetic literacy translates the language of the nation-building nation into an elliptical language. Ш. Уәлиханов атындағы КМУ хабаршысы ISSN 1608-2206 Филология сериясы. № 4, 2019
359 5. Cultural factor. In our archives, many of our heritage are covered by the Latin alphabet. By going through the Latin alphabet, we would be able to explore the priceless pearls and rich heritage [5, 55-56]. The transition to the Latin alphabet is a way to liberate the consciousness of our nation, to integrate with the Turkic and global world, to return to the ancient Kazakh alphabet and to revive our national consciousness. Akhmet Baitursynov's "people who have spoken in their own languageandwhowritten in theirown language will never lose their identity. The most powerful thing to save or lose thenation is language. Everyone whose language is lost will also be lost [6, 60]. Thus, the replacement of the Kazakh language from Cyrillic to Latin graphics is a bright and refined expression of spiritual revival.
MAIN PART Though the transition to Latin graphics is already accepted, the Kazakh society has no consensus about this. There is even vivid difference of the social network users’ opinion according to their age. For instance below the investigation shows the difference between users of Facebook equal results 50-50% (16 participants) and Instagram results are 70/30% (43 participants). a) b) жүктеу/скачать 3,45 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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