ПРАКТИКАЛЫҚ АҒЫЛШЫН ТІЛІ
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
W O V E N C A R P E T S O C C U P Y A SIGNIFICANT PLACE IN T H E LIFE OF T H E KAZAKHS
Р.К.Искакова -
ст. преподаватель кафедры практического
английского языка ФМОиЮ КазНПУ им. Абая
People's art is as old as the history of the people itself. Its character and peculiarities were formed already
at the period when Kazakhs led a normadic way of life. People's masters aimed their efforts at the materials
concerning only the nomad cattle - breeding farm. Everyday belongings were estimated for being handly and light
during removals. Thus art of ornamenting of soft fabric was concentrated in women's hands, they were occupied
with embroidery, weaving, manufacturing and ornamenting of felt articles. Men were experts in solid materials.
Silver decorations, wooden and leather goods, stone and bone carving are men's arts. Traditions of such a division
can be observed in people's applied art nowadays as well.
In many articles of art besides pattern colour is of great importance, for it always serves the same rhythm
of composition. The Kazakh ornament is big in size as a rule -the correlation of the decorated surface and separate
elements is preserved in the same scale for every article.
Goods made of wool are widely spread in Kazakh applied art and felt is the first among them. Felt is a
'"building" material first of all. When making a dwelling they use it for covering the wooden frame of a yourta,
and as door-curtains. Covers for suitcases, bags for clothes are made of felt. They also use felt carpeis for flooring.
The ornamented felt carpets make one of the bright test and the most original features of Kazakh people's
art. According to ways of their manufacturing and decorating they are divided into two kinds: sirmak and tekemet
Carpets of both kinds are used for flooring.
Tekemet is the most popular kind of felt carpet. Richness of colours, variety of unusual combinations,
brightness of the original compositions of the whole decorated surface - all these features are peculiar and
characteristic for the tekemet carpet.
In every collective - farmer's house you may find a carpet of such kind and youTl be astonished at a
festive surprise of new and new combinations of designs, colours now soft and calm, now stormy and energetic.
The whiteness becomes brighter when it serves as a background for red patterns in a blue framing; the brown
background is a delight to the eye when it goes with bright green and orange.
The field of the sirmak — carpet is often divided into central part and a wide edging along all the four
sides. The designs of the central part and those of the edging usually differ in their pattern and scale. The central
part as a rule has larger ornament but sometimes, on the contrary, the designs of the edging is larger than that of
ihe middle. But there are carpets with no edgings.
A bright originality of sirmak - carpets is explained by the peculiarities of ornamental compositions,
representing combination of two patterns of the same size but of contrasting colours.
A stressed outline of the patterns is also peculiar for the sirmak - carpets, a clear -cut graphic pattern in
particular, which greatly distinguishes them from the felt tekemet - carpets.
Apart from applique and felt incrustation the sirmak-carpets are often decorated in different ways, for
example, they widely use tape embroidery. There are felt carpets which are wholly decorated with such an
embroidery. In some districts of Kazakhstan a carpet embroidered with tape has a special name - kamsha but the
name /sirmak/ occurs more often.
By the character of their decoration felt carpets resemble covers for trunks and bags for clothes which are
made of the same material.
Mats made of tchij represent an original sphere of people's art. First each stalk of the reed is twined with
dyed wooden threads, then they are fastened together to form an ornamented surface. The pattern of the mats are
of the same type to a certain extent, but combinations of colours are infinitely various. Very often the mats are
used to partition off utensil's.
In contrast to the patterns of the felt articles the ornament of the mats is geometrical, very often they make
use of the elements which came as a result of their implementation.
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