Учебно-практическое пособие для слушателей факультета заочного обучения
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que [kw], [k]секілді оқылады/ читается [kw], [k] Queen, cheque ханшайым, чеккоролева,чек gu, gua и оқылмайды, [gw]/ uне читается, [gw] guard, language күзет, тіл охрана, язык Чтение гласных буквосочетаний. Дауысты қос əріптілердің оқылуы. ai [ei] paint, train сурет салу, пойыз рисовать, поезд all, alk [o:] ball, talk доп, сөйлесу мяч, разговор au [o:] august, autumn тамыз, күз август, осень augh [o:] daughter, caught қыз, ұстап алды дочь, поймал aw [o:] law, saw заң, көрді закон, увидел ea [i:] tea, meat шай, ет чай, мясо ead [e] head, bread бас, нан голова, хлеб ee [i:] deep, tree терең, ағаш глубокий, дерево eigh [ei] weight салмақ вес ew [ju:], [u:] r, l, j кейін[ju:], [u:] после r, l, j few, Jew аз, еврей мало, еврей ey [ei] they, grey олар, сұр они, серый igh [ai] high, fight ұзын, күрес высокий, борьба ild [ai] wild, mild жабайы, жұмсақ дикий, мягкий ind [ai] kind, find мейірімді, табу добрый, находить oa [ou] soap, coat сабын, пальто мыло, пальто oi,oy [oi] oil,toy май (мұнай), ойыншық масло(нефть), игрушка 14 old,oll [ou] cold, roll суық, бума холодный, рулон ome [ʌ] some бірнеше, несколько one [ʌ] done істелді, сделано, oo [u], [u:], [ʌ] look, spoon,blood көру, қасық, қан смотреть, ложка, кровь our, ower [auə] sour, power қышқыл, билік кислый, власть oth [ʌ] other басқа, другой ou [au] house, pound үй, қадақ дом, фунт ow [ou] ,[au] show,how көрсету, қалай показывать, как ough [o:] сөз соңында [ʌ] в конце слова [ʌ] brought, rough əкелді, дөрекі принес, грубый Чтение букв с и g. Cжəнеg дыбыстарының оқылуы. c e,i,y алдында [s] болып оқылады a,o,u алдында [k] болып оқылады/ перед e,i, yчитается [s] перед a,o,u читается [k] city, centre cat, cut, come қала, орталық, мысық, кесу, келу город, центр кошка, резать, приходить g e,i,y алдында [d ʒ] болып оқылады, a,o,u алдында [g] болып оқылады, give, get басқалары/ перед e,i,y читается [d ʒ], перед a,o,u читается [g], искл.: give, get gallery, leg Egypt, German галерея, аяқ, мысыр, немісше галерея, нога, Египет, немецкий s дауыстылардың арасында жəне ұяң дауыссыздардан кейін [z] болып оқылады/ между гласными и после звонких согласныхчитается [z] geese,crimes қаздар, қылмыстар гуси, преступления x [ks] болып, ал дауыстылардың арасында [gz] болып оқылады/ читается [ks], между гласными читается [gz] six, text алты, мəтін шесть, текст 15 ДАУЫСТЫЛАРДЫҢ БУЫННЫҢ 4 ТҮРІ БОЙЫНША ОҚЫЛУЫ ЧТЕНИЕ ГЛАСНЫХ ПО 4 ТИПАМ СЛОГА Ағылшын тілінде 6 дауысты дыбыс. В английском языке 6 гласных. a [ei], e [i:], i [ai], o [ou], u [ju:], y [wai] Буынның 1-түрі. 1 тип слога. Ашық. Открытый. Ашық буында дауыстылар алфавиттегі секілді оқылады, соңғы дауысты e оқылмайды. В открытом слоге гласные читаются как в алфавите, последняя гласная e не читается. name [ei] face, name, gate, plate, date time [ai] I, tie, five, mine, dive, site my [ai] type, byte, rye, sky, dry, my Pete [i:] he, she, be, Pete, we note [ou]so, rose, nose, hope, stone, go tune [ju:]music, tune, cube, flute, cute Exercise 5.Read the words on the 1 st type of syllable: Mile, five, take, fate, we, go, late, tune,date, be, day, type, blame, way, smoke, wife, spoke, bike, size, home, style, vice, zone, mode, noble, pace, ace. Буынның 2-түрі.2 тип слога. Бітеу. Закрытый. Егер екпінді буын дауыссызға немесе бірнеше дауыссызға аяқталса, бітеу деп аталады. Ударный слог называется закрытым, если он оканчивается на согласную или на несколько согласных. a [æ] map, cat, Pat, flag, pan e [e] pet, met, net, pen, hen i [i] bill, is, tip, him, his, six, pin, film, it, win y [i] system, gyp, syntax, lynx, myth o [o] stop, dog, not, hot, mob u [ Λ ] bus, but, nut, cut, sun [u] put, bull, pull, push Exercise 6. Read the words on the 2 nd type of syllable: Up, not, better, summer, winter, but, spring, bottom, judge, job, his, sit, butter, letter, system, pen, battle, carry, lost, absent, well, it, us, little, dummy, dump, drug, mix, nitwit, pants, rapid, sludgy, sniff, toddle, trust, wax, wedlock, whip. 16 Буынның 3-түрі. 3 тип слога. Дауысты + «r» əрпі. Гласная + буква «r». Дауысты + r + дауыссыз ұйқасы нəтижесінде бір дауысты дыбысты береді. Сочетание «гласная +r + согласная» в итоге дает один гласный звук. a+r [a:] park, car, far, march, party e+r [ə:] verb, Bert, herd, nerd i+r [ə:] first, girl, bird, sir, birch, dirt y+r [ə:] Byrd, myrrh, myrtle o+r [o:] sport, port, sort, lord u+r [ə:] burn, turn, fur, curl, church Exercise 7. Read the words on the 3 rd type of syllable: Nurse, perch, circle, shirk, slur, sort, thorn, turn, urge, vermin, virgin, adverb, arch, sport, lord, large, first, circle, force, sir, bird, her, card, star, term, murder. Буынның 4-түрі.4 тип слога. Дауысты + «r» əрпі + «е». Гласная + буква «r» + «e». are [eə] fare, hare, dare, care ere [iə] here, mere ire [aiə] hire, dire, tire yre [aiə] tyre, lyre, byre ore [o:] more, core, adore ure [juə] pure, cure Exercise 8. Read the words on the 4 th type of syllable: During, tyre, wire, more, here, fire, spare, care, hare, hire, blare, sere, share, shire, sore, tore, prepare, interfere, shore, score, lure Exercise 9. Read the words, assort them in types of syllable: 1) place, may, bottle, sort, take, button, hot, me, pure, tie, nice, tiny, not, bone, toe, turn, but, go, bag, pattern, flag, exam, bed, message, first, him, pretend, met, hop, car, far, card; 2) pin, must, fur, bus, dirt, his, box, map, sir, corn, tip, pistol, six, hat, win, it, stop, dog, force, serve, girl, port, at, apple, circle, cap, back, cat, flag, kiss, is, afford, byte, cute, spy, music, tune, sky, huge, film, big; 3) egg, party, curl, leg, red, ten, end, net, pen, verb, syntax, burn, bird, push, myth, clock, church, storm, ordinary, ugly, put, bull, pull, cry, dry, bus, but, cut, sun, hug, march, park, dark, type; 4)hare, here, interfere, mere, hire, tyre, dire, byre, tire, wire, fire, mire, care, prepare, lyre, core, dare, adore; 17 5) forehead, note, cure, score, pure, shore, more, sure, date, code, stone, Pete, mine, rose, site,wide, line, am, go, face, gate, nose, name, plate, game, bake, escape, he, she, bike, we, be, theme, so, tie, hope, five. Exercise 10.Read the words: a) can, find, life, take, stay, fill, if, met, type, wife, time, same, well, his, but, net, speak, egg, tune, nine, me, tell, bone, man, has, free, note, quick, burn, close, vote, muzzle, green, gun, right, table, kill; b) us, queen,he, size, herd, place, get, since, wise, quake, please, joke, age, map, bus, struggle, thrum, gentle, city, case, sky, page, gym, solve, wet; с)sorry, fight, third, parents, three, town, chair, during, born, thirst, flaming, hermit, imp, inkling, modify, nevertheless, ooze, pang, quack, rabbit, scale, siphon, thunder, twang, absent, job. Exercise 11. Read the words paying attention to consonant combinations of letters: a) shelter, vanish, catch, white, chest, match, chin, much, lock, check, picklock, thin, that, with, theft, equipment, them, knuckle, dish, bright, thank, phone, photo, finish, physical, what, shop, which, who, whom, guest; b) fish, written, wrist, wreck, wrench, bring, finger, cash, tank, link, black, pink, blank, known, Jack, knot, knock, philosophy, knit, thought, sigh, night, guard, think, guitar, antique, thing, when, child. Exercise 12. Read the words paying attention to vowel combinations of letters: Bleed, see, weak, deep, kind, stain, fight, bleach, rain, child, light, blind, auto, draw, walk, round, fought, night, done, cold, tall, mother, bowl, mouse, foot, flower, paw, spread, chalk, brown, crow, gain, louse, stood, right, talk, power, brother. Exercise 13. Read the words paying attention to letters: c, g, s, x. a) face, case, cell, cite, club, city, cut, ice, cat, nice, code, picnic, pencil, place, cold, close, lace, cone; b) page, game, gin, gym, dog, bag, gyps, gas, stag, struggle, egg, gentle, gun, go, great, huge, rage, give, get; c) sky, since, rose, loss, solve, fuse, cast, so, please, beds, wise, see, cups, nose, sit, apples; d) exam, fix, exact, excert, example, paradox, suffix, exceed, excite, exempt, exert, exhale, excit, exotic, expect, expire, expose, extort, exchange. 18 III. AFFIXATION IN ENGLISH Suffixes of nouns Suffixes of adjectives -age marriage -ful beautiful -ance -ence importance difference -y lucky -ly friendly -dom kingdom -able workable -ее addressee -al facial -er -or killer visitor -ive creative -ery -ary -ry slavery robbery chemistry -ish Scottish -tific scientific -hood childhood -less helpless -ian Russian -ous dangerous -ician mathematician -ic symbolic -ation, -tion, - ion,-sion,-ssion transformation obsession Suffixes of verbs -ism capitalism -ise/ize emphasize -ist arsonist -fy terrify -ment movement -en broaden -ness happiness -ship citizenship Suffixes of adverbs -ture departure -ly quickly -ing killing Prefixes Meaning Examples un- болымсыз отрицание unlimited in-,im-,il-,ir- болымсыз отрицание impossible dis- болымсыз отрицание dislike anti- болымсыз отрицание antifascist counter- қарсы против counterstrike co- -аралық, өзара между, взаимно co-operation ex- бұрынғы бывший ex-champion inter- -аралық, арасында между, среди international mis- дұрыс емес неверно misunderstand over- тыс, тым сверх, чрезмерно overload under- жеткіліксіз недостаточно underpay pre- алдынғы, бұрында перед, ранее prehistoric post- кейін после postwar re- қайта, қайтадан снова, заново reread sub- бөлініс подразделение subculture ultra- тыс, тым сверх ultrashort 19 -al arrival -y army Exercise 14. Form: a) nouns from the following verbs: arrive, govern, arm, agree, recover, inform, propose, pay; b) nouns from the following adjectives: kind, quiet,happy, active, stupid, human; c) adjectives from the following nouns: fool, child, fun, friend, danger, fame. Exercise 15. Add suffixes -er, -r, -ian, -ist, -man to the words to get the names of professions. Translate them. Model: police – policeman Music, electric, manage, journal, politics, photograph, science, interpret, drive, art, build, reception, sports, fire. Exercise 16.Using suffixes fill in appropriate words. Nouns: -ness, -ion, -ation, -ment, -ance, -ition Adjectives: -al, -y, -ly, -ful, -ous, -tific Adjectives Nouns lucky luck - happiness - speed wonderful - greedy - - friend - danger traditional - - science ill - - truth - profession - business healthy - - wealth Noun Verb investigation investigate - invite discussion - - appear - organize - relax competition - - invent 20 Exercise 17.Translate the compound words. Mother-in-law, baby-sitter, pen-friend, timetable, software, fairy-tale, motorway, painkiller, skateboard, e-mail, feedback, stomachache, sunshine, update, bedclothes, nutcrackers, outskirts, underpants, swimsuit, water-color, semicircle, ex- husband. Exercise 18.Form compound words. Model: ice + cream = ice-cream Pocket, place, ball, dish, sun, pool, head, bird, fire, clock,black, pick, swimming, ache, foot, washer, glasses, work. IV. TEST Do the test. 1. Form the adjective from ‘change’. a) -able b) -im c) -in d) -al e) -un 2. Form the adverb from ‘complete’. a) -ic b) -ly c) -less d) -ous e) -ment 3. Choose the word with a prefix. a) disease b) district c) discus d) displease e) discipline 4. Find the negative adjective. a) meaningful b) famous c) real d) hopeful e) unthinkable 5. Find the noun formed from a verb. a) artist 21 b) winter c) economist d) translation e) darkness 6. Find the verb with prefix. a) reconstruct b) locate c) realize d) electrify e) graduate 7. Form the new word from ‘eat’. a) -y b) -ful c) -tic d) -able e) -al 8. Find the verb with prefix. a) communicate b) lighten c) misdo d) characterize e) invite 9. Form the adjective from ‘cloud’. a) -ing b) -ly c) -y d) -ful e) -able 10. Form a new word from ‘write’. a) un- b) im- c) ir- d) re- e) in- 11. Choose the right variant: a) unpayed b) payness c) repayed d) payment 22 e) payful 12. Form a compound word from ‘text’. a) room b) yard c) book d) day e) paper 13. Find the word with a suffix ending. a) unknown b) department c) rename d) misplace e) forehead 14. Find an odd word. a) movement b) attention c) darkness d) quality e) famous 15. Form the noun from‘serve’. a) serve b) servesation c) servility d) servant e) serventy 23 UNIT 2. Acquaintance. Greetings. VOCABULARY English Transcription Kazakh Russian name [neim] аты имя surname [‘sə:neim] тегі фамилия academy [ə’kædəmi] академия академия student [‘stju:d(ə)nt] студент студент full–timestudent [ ‘ful’taim ‘stju:dənt] күндізгі оқыту факультетінің студенті студент очного обучения part–time student [‘pa:t ‘taim‘stju:dənt] сырттай оқыту факультетінің студенті студент заочного обучения friend [frend] жолдас друг Profession [prə’fe òn] Мамандық Профессия teacher [‘ti:t∫ə] оқытушы преподаватель lawyer [‘lo:jə] заңгер юрист correctional officer [kə‘rek∫(ə)nl ‘ofisə] қылмыстық - атқару жүйесінің қызметкері сотрудник уголовно- исполнительной системы police officer [pə‘li:s ‘ofisə] полиция қызметкері сотрудник полиции psychologist [sai‘koləd ʒist] психолог психолог Rank [ræŋk] Шен Звание private [‘praivit] қатардағы рядовой sergeant [‘sa:d ʒ(ə)nt] сержант сержант junior sergeant [‘d ʒu:njə‘sa:dʒ(ə)nt] кіші сержант младший сержант senior sergeant [‘si:njə ‘sa:d ʒ(ə)nt] аға сержант старший сержант sergeant-major [‘sa:d ʒ(ə)ntmeidʒə] старшина старшина lieutenant [ləf’tenənt] лейтенант лейтенант captain [‘kæptin] капитан капитан major [‘meid ʒə] майор майор colonel [‘kə:n(ə)l] полковник полковник lieutenant- colonel [ləf,tenənt’ kə:n(ə)l] подполковник подполковник general [‘d ʒen(ə)r(ə)l] генерал генерал 24 I. LEXICAL AND GRAMMAR EXERCISES Exercise 1. Name the ranks. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) TABLE 1. Forms of the verb ‘to be’ in the Present Indefinite Tense Болымды түріУтвердительная форма Сұраулы түріВопросительная форма Болымсыз түріОтрицательная форма I am He (she, it) is We are You are They are Am I? Is (she, it) he? Are we? Are you? Are they? I am not He (she, it) is not We are not You are not They are not 25 TABLE 2. Using the verb«to be» Cases of using Examples 1. Көмекшi етістік / Вспомогательный глагол He is reading a book. Ол кiтап оқып отыр. Он читает книгу. 2. Байланыстырушы етістік/ Глагол – связка He is an engineer. Ол инженер. Он - инженер. 3. Негiзгi етістік, болу мағынасында / Смысловой глагол со значением быть, находиться Iamathome. Мен үйде. Я (нахожусь) дома. 4. Модальетістіктiң синонимi, мiндет ету мағынасында / Для выражения долженствования We are to meet at 7 o’clock. Бiз сағат 7-де кездесуiмiз керек. Мы должны встретиться в 7.00. Exercise 2. Fill in the gaps with the form of the verb to be (am, is, are). a) 1. What _______ your name? 2. My rank _______ senior sergeant. 3. He _______ my course officer. 4. They _______ privates. 5. I _______f rom Astana, but my friend _______ from Kostanay. 6. He _______ not a detective. 7. My father _______not a prosecutor, he _______ a judge. 8. ________ your rank captain? 9. My sister _________ in London at the moment. 10. My mother ________ a dentist. Now she _______ at work. 11. Tom’s parents ________ travel agents. 12. You ________ the best friend I’ve ever had. 13. I _______ glad to see you. How ______ you? 14. He _______ not a sergeant. 15. I _______ sick, I ______ not very well today. 16. What _________ you by profession? 17.Two heads ________ better than one. 18. We _________ interested in classical music. 19. We ________ police officers. 20. London _______ the capital of Great Britain. 21. There _______ a wonderful house in the centre of the square. 22. It _________ a new film on TV today. It _______ a French comedy. 23. There _______ many apple-trees in his garden. |