В. А. Шляхова, О. Н. Герасина, Ю. А. Герасина английский язык для экономистов english for economists
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| Government’s Role in the Economy
While consumers and producers make most decisions that mold the economy, government activities have at least four powerful effects on the U.S. economy: iDIRECT SERVICES. Each level of government provides direct services. The postal system, for example, is a federal system serving the entire nation. The public education systems are primarily paid for by state, country or city governments. In general, police and fire protection are the responsibilities of local government. iREGULATION AND CONTROL. The government regulates and controls private enterprise in many ways in order to ensure that business serves the best interests of the people as a whole. Regulation is necessary in areas where private enterprise has been granted a monopoly, such as in electric or local telephone service, or in other areas where there is limited competition, as with the railroads. Public policy permits such companies to make reasonable profits, but limits their ability to raise prices “unfairly” (as defined by the regulators) because the public depends on their services. Control is exercised to protect the public when the Food and Drug Administration bans harmful drugs, or requires standards of 168 quality in food. In other industries, government sets guidelines to ensure fair competition without using direct control. i STABILIZATION AND GROWTH. Branches of government, including Congress and such entities as the Federal Reserve System, attempt to control inflation and depression, by adjusting tax rates, the money supply and the use of credit. They can also affect the economy by changing the amount of public spending by the government itself. Normally, the aim is a balanced federal budget. iDIRECT ASSISTANCE. The government provides many kinds of help to businesses and individuals. For example, tariffs permit certain products to remain relatively free from foreign competition; imports are sometimes taxed or limited by volume so that American products can better compete with foreign goods. Government also provides aid to farmers by subsidizing prices they receive for their crops. Government supports individuals who cannot care for themselves by making grants to low-income parents with dependent children, by providing medical care for the aged and through social insurance programs that assist the unemployed. Government also supplies relief for the poor and help for the disabled. Задание. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы и переведите их. 1. Why does the government regulate and control private enterprises? 2. What services are paid by the government (federal, state, local)? 3. In what services is regulation necessary? 4. Why is control exercised? 5. What branches of government attempt to control inflation and depression? 6. Whom does the government provide direct assistance? 169 TEXT XIII Прочтите текст с целью общего понимания содержания. Key words: job-seeker – тот, кто ищет работу; recruitment agency – агентство по набору работников; cope with – справиться с (проблемой, задачей); apply for a job – обращаться за работой; satisfaction – удовлетворение; be afraid of – бояться; hard-working – трудолюбивый; committed person – обязательный человек; appear – оказываться; jump from job to job – прыгать с места на место. жүктеу/скачать 1,06 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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