METHODOLOGICAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR PRACTICAL LESSONS

1. 
   describe the structure of atoms in terms of protons, neutrons and electrons
   
2. 
   know what is meant by a chemical element and how they are located in the periodic table
   
3. 
   understand the valency, atomic number and atomic mass of chemical elements
   
4. 
   define the terms: isotopes, isotope stability, radioactivity, radioactive radiation to present the general principles of nuclear chemistry
   
5. 
   describe alpha, beta, positron and gamma radiation and be able to write a balanced nuclear equation for radioactive decay with mass numbers and atomic numbers
   

Molecules. Interaction between atoms: covalent bonds, non-covalent interactions. Inorganic compounds: acids, bases, salts, oxides. Electronegativity; chemical polarity and dipole moment.

1. 
   distinguish between molecular and non-molecular substances
   
2. 
   identify inorganic compounds: base, acid, oxide, salt. List their distinguishing features
   
3. 
   get familiar with organic compounds
   
4. 
   classify intermolecular and intramolecular forces
   
5. 
   understand how the concept of electronegativity and its variations in the periodic table can be used to explain the nature of bonding in substances
   

1. 
   understand what chemical reaction is
   
2. 
   state 3 principles of collision theory for interpreting interactions between molecules
   
3. 
   identify chemical reactions as reactions of combination, decomposition, substitution or combustion
   
4. 
   determine the reaction rate and factors affecting the reaction rate
   
5. 
   construct balanced chemical equations to represent reactions
   

Stereochemistry and chirality

1. 
   classify stereoisomers
   
2. 
   draw the cis-trans isomers resulting from restricted rotation. Determine chiral carbon; differentiate between chiral and achiral molecules
   
3. 
   determine the stereocenters in the molecule and assign the configuration as R or S using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog protocol
   
4. 
   list the requirements for molecules in terms of their optical activity
   
5. 
   explain the relationship between enantiomers and their specific rotations