Робот электрожетегін диагностикалау құрылғысы
Түйіндеме. В статье рассматривается проблема диагностики электропривода, а так же приведены
основные методы диагностики электроприводов и их отличия. Основным результатом является компьютерная
модель электронного прибора для организации автоматической диагностики электропривода робота.
Негізгі сөздер: робототехникалық жүйелер, электрожетектер, диагностикалау әдістері, тоқ спектрінің
талдау әдісі.
робототехнические системы, электродвигатели, виды диагностики, метод спектрального анализа тока.
Tumabayeva A.K., Utebaev R.M.
Device creation for diagnostics of the electric drive of the robot.
Summary.In article the problem of diagnostics of the electric drive and as the main methods of diagnostics of
electric drives and their difference are given is considered. The main result is the computer model of the electronic
device for the organization of automatic diagnostics of the electric drive of the robot.
Key words: robotic systems, electric motors, types of diagnostics, method of the spectral analysis of current.
RA0/AN0
2
RA1/AN1
3
RA2/AN2/VREF-/CVREF
4
RA3/AN3/VREF+
5
RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT/RCV
6
RA5/AN4/SS/LVDIN/C2OUT
7
RA6/OSC2/CLKO
10
OSC1/CLKI
9
RB0/AN12/INT0/FLT0/SDI/SDA
21
RB1/AN10/INT1/SCK/SCL
22
RB2/AN8/INT2/VMO
23
RB3/AN9/CCP2/VPO
24
RB4/AN11/KBI0/CSSPP
25
RB5/KBI1/PGM
26
RB6/KBI2/PGC
27
RB7/KBI3/PGD
28
RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI
11
RC1/T1OSI/CCP2/UOE
12
RC2/CCP1
13
VUSB
14
RC4/D-/VM
15
RC5/D+/VP
16
RC6/TX/CK
17
RC7/RX/DT/SDO
18
RE3/MCLR/VPP
1
U1
PIC18F2550
R1
10k
X1
CRYSTAL
C1
200p
C2
200p
C3
474p
VCC
1
D+
3
D-
2
GND
4
J1
USBCONN
D1
SMB5819
R2
10k
R3
10k
D2
LED
R4
200
92
УДК 621.783
Yuсhshenko
Olessya
1
PhD student, Waldemar Wójcik
2
1
Kazakh National Technical University named after K.I. Satpayev, Kazakhstan, Almaty
e-mail: olessyayuchenko@hotmail.com
2
Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
e-mail: waldemar.wojkic@pollub.pl
DEVELOPMENT OF A SIMULATION MODEL OF BAND TENSION CONTROL SYSTEM IN A
PERMANENT HOT ZINC-PLATING LINE UNDER DYNAMIC CONDITIONS
Abstract. The article describes the structure of a mathematical band tension model in a permanent hot-zinc
plating line (HZPL). In order to stabilize the band tension in the oven during the stop of the head part of the line there
were suggested the installation of a roller operating in an intermittent mode before the TCO oven. During the movement
of the loop device carriage the roller will make translational movements against the band direction, creating additional
tension in the band. The value of the mismatch of the actual and given tensions will be applied as the moment of static
resistance to the motor shaft of the roller. After introducing an active roller into the system the analysis of band pulling
force oscillograms proved the expediency of its application.
Key words: band pulling force, active roller, the resistance moment, simulation model.
To improve the corrosion resistance of cold rolled metal band it has to be galvanized on a continuous
hot zinc-plating line.
Electromechanical system of a continuous hot zinc-plating line (HZPL) presents a multimotor actuator
which is interconnected with the help of a band.
The central technological part of the unit consists of the mechanisms for transporting the band: pulling
station number 1, a vertical input collector, pulling station number 2, and rollers of thermo-chemical oven
(TCO). In the thermo-chemical oven the band undergoes thermo chemical treatment in protective
atmosphere.
Fig.1. Central technological part of HZPL
Before the galvanizing process the band is heated in a thermo-chemical oven, TCO.
The following operations take place in TCO, the thermo-chemical oven:
band heating in the flame oven in the atmosphere of incomplete combustion of propane-butane prod-
ucts;
final heating and band exposure in the oven with radiation tubes in the atmosphere of hydrogen shiel-
ding gas;
band cooling in the area of a closed cooling system.
The main influence on the mechanical properties of the treated metal is exerted by the maximum heat-
ing temperature and the speed of the band moving through the unit.
A permanent hot-zinc plating line (HZPL) is a complex electromechanical system whose functioning
reliability and quality depends on the physico-mechanical properties of a treated metal band and on the
modes of operation of the multi-motor drive interconnected through a band.
When the head part of the line is stopped to replace a roll of metal band, the technological part of the
unit continues to move at a working speed during the welding of the ends of the band, which is due to the
band extraction from the vertical loop device. After the start of the head part the metal band begins to fill the
loop device, which causes the dynamic processes that lead to longitudinal vibrations of the tension in the
treatment zone. As a result, in the treated band there occur the so-called "folds" during the process in the
thermo-chemical treatment oven (TCO) under the high temperature, thus leading to a defect.
93
Some experiments were carried out on HZPL in order to define the dynamic properties of the treated
metal band [1].
In order to stabilize the band tension in the oven during the stop of the head part of the line we suggest
the installation of a roller operating in an intermittent mode before the TCO oven. The lower roller of the
Pulling Station 2 (active roller) will be used for this part. During the movement of the loop device carriage
the roller will make translational movements against the band direction, thus creating additional tension in
the band. The value of the mismatch of the actual and given tensions will be applied as the moment of static
resistance to the motor shaft of the roller.
An asynchronous motor with frequency control was used as an active roller drive motor.
Band pulling force F appearing in the band is determined by the following formula:
F
C
l
C l
(1)
where: С – а coefficient of band rigidity, Δl - the absolute lengthening, l – the length of the tension, ε -
modulus of elongation.
The coefficient of band rigidity is determined by the following formula:
C
E S
(2)
where: Е – elasticity modulus, S – cross sectional area of the band.
From the given formulas it is evident that the band pulling force is directly proportional to the cross
sectional area of the band.
For structural steel there is dependence between the elastic modulus and the temperature [7]. There-
fore, in a simulation model of the band pulling force calculations through the TCO the coefficient of band
rigidity in different zones of the oven is different, depending on the heating temperature.
An approximate calculation of transient processes in the asynchronous motor is possible using the
simplified model [4] described by a system of equations:
0
1
;
ω
;
ψ ;
;
ψ
U
R
L
R
dI
dt
I
R
E
s
s
s
s
s
i
i
J d
dt
М
М s
М
К
i
m
s
Е
К р
е
R
R
k R
s
r r
i
const
(3)
where: U
s
– stator voltage, I
s
– the stator current, R
i
– equivalent stator resistance, R
s
– stator
resistance, R
r
- resistance of rotor winding, k
r
– coefficient of the rotor magnetic coupling, J – the motor
moment of inertia, ω – angular speed of the motor, d/dt – differentiation operator, М – the moment
developed by the motor, М
s
– moment of static resistance, K
m
- motor magnetic constructible constant, К
е
-
motor electrical constructible constant, ψ – the main flux linkage, L'
s
- transient inductance of the stator, р
0
–
the number of motor pole pairs.
The electric drive of the Pulling Station 2 is described by the following formula [8]:
s5
5,6
f
5
5
5
r
4
s6
5,6
f
6
6
6
r 7
60
60
M
F
F
r i
a n
К F
M
F
F
r i
a n
К F
(4)
where: M
s5
, M
s6
– the moment of resistance of the upper and lower rollers, F
5
,
6
– band pulling force, F
f
– friction force, N; r
5
and r
6
– the radiuses of the upper and lower rollers, i
5
and i
6
– the reduction ratio of the
upper and lower rollers, a – the dissipation coefficient, characterizes the process of damping of natural
oscillations in the system, n
5
and n
6
- electric motors rotation frequency of the upper and lower rollers, K
r
–
the reduction coefficient, takes into account the reduction to the shaft of the adjacent interacting masses, F
4
,
F
7
– the band pulling force in a loop device and in the area of the TCO oven treatment respectively.
94
The force of the active roller which will work on a treated band is determined by the following
formula:
υ
r
md
F
dt
,
(5)
where: m – the weight of the active roller, υ – linear speed of the active roller, d/dt – differentiation
operator.
The transmitted by the band static moment given to the rollers of the Pulling Station 2 during the
movement of the active roller is determined by the following formula:
a
r
М
r i F
, (6)
where: r – the radius of the drum of the active roller, i - the reduction ratio.
Due to the translational movement of the active roller the formula (4) will be as follows:
5,6
f
5
5
5
a
r
4
5,6
f
6
6
6
a
r
7
60
s5
60
s6
M
F
F
r i
a n
М
К F
M
F
F
r i
a n
М
К F
(7)
where: M
a
– the moment, transferred to the band by the translational movement of the active roller.
During the translational movement of the active roller on the motor shaft of the lower roller of the
TCO oven there will operate the static moment transferred by the band.
The formula of the resistance moment of the lower roller of the TCO oven treatment area will be as
follows:
s8
7,8
f
8
8
8
r
6
a
60
M
F
F
r i
a n
К F
M
(8)
where: F
7
,
8
– band pulling force, which occurs between two interacting masses of the TCO oven
rollers, r
8
- the lower roller radius, i
8
- the reduction ratio, a - the dissipation coefficient, characterizes the
process of damping of natural oscillations in the system, n
8
- rotation frequency of the lower roller, F
6
– the
band pulling force in the Pulling Station 2; М
a
– the moment of static resistance transferred by the band
during the translational movement of the active roller.
The structural schemes of mathematical models of electric drives of the Pulling Station 2 and the TCO
oven treatment area including the effects from the active roller are shown in Figures 2,3.
Fig.2. The structural scheme of the mathematical model of electric drives of Pulling Station
The automatic control system (ACS) of the active roller works in the current regulator mode. ACS is
single-circuit and can be represented by the structural diagram shown in Figure 4. It presents the following
data: I – the given current; i
-
the stator current; W
cr(p)
– the stator current Pi-regulator; К
cs
– the coefficient of
the stator current sensor; К
fc
– the coefficient of frequency converter; u - the motor stator winding voltage; n
95
– the motor rotation frequency of the active roller, rot/min; N – the impulse strength of the active roller,
kg∙m/s; F
r
– the force acting on a band during the movement of the active roller; К
r
– reduction coefficient;
F
j
- the given tension; F – the actual tension; М
m1
, М
m2
– the moments developed by the upper and lower
motor of the Pulling Station 2, respectively; М
s1
, М
s2
– the moments of the static resistance applied to the
shaft of the upper and lower roller motors of the pulling station №2, respectively; ε – elongation of the band
between the rollers of the Pulling Station 2; М
3
– the moment transmitted by the band to the rollers of the
Pulling Station 2 during the movement of the active roller of the TCO oven treatment area; Т
b
– reaction time
of the band.
Fig.3. The structural scheme of the mathematical model of the TCO oven treatment area
According to the obtained structural schemes in the MATLAB Simulink package there were built
seven simulation models of HZPL electric machinery including the movement of the active roller. The
electric drive simulation model of the Pulling Station 2 is shown in Figure 5.
Fig.4. The structural scheme of ACS of the active roller
96
Fig.5. Electric drive simulation model of Pulling Station 2
Fig.6. Simulation model of the HZPL middle technological part
97
The input values in the model are: the rotation frequency of the upper and lower roller motors of
Pulling Station 2; the moments of the static resistance applied to the shaft of the active roller motors formed
by the difference of the signals of the actual
F
and given
1
r
F
tensions; the moments of the static resistance
created by the movement of the active roller. The output quantities are the moments of resistance of the
upper and lower rollers of the pulling station, as well as the moment of the static resistance of M3.
The band pulling force oscillograms before and after the action of the active rollers are shown in
Figures 7,8.
The graphs from the top to the bottom on the oscillograms show the band pulling force in Pulling
Station 2, in the TCO oven on the treatment area, in the TCO oven on the area with the pulling rollers.
Fig.7. The band pulling force oscillograms before the action of the active roller
Fig.8. The band pulling force oscillograms after the action of the active roller
98
The analysis of the oscillograms shows that after the action of the active roller the amplitude decreased
on 85%. The amplitude of the oscillation-frequency component of the band pulling force is 0.3 kN, which is
the norm. There was a 45% increase in high-frequency component of oscillations at the end of the process of
pulling out the band from the loop device. It was connected with the increase of the band tension in the loop
device in connection with the decrease of its length. Since the high-frequency component is not involved in
the process of fold formation in the band, the change in its amplitude is neglected.
Thus, the developed mathematical and simulation models adequately reflect the processes in the band
treated area in the dynamic mode.
REFERENCES
[1] Alekseev V.V., Kozyaruk A.E., Zagrivny E.A., Electrical Machines. Simulation of electrical machines
drives of mining equipment. Textbook. - St. Petersburg State Mining Institute (Technical University), St. Petersburg,
2006, 58
[2] Dyakonov V., Simulink 5/6/7: Teach-yourself book, 2008
[3] Limonov L.G., Automatic electric drive of the industrial machinery. Karaganda, 2009
[4] Yuchshenko O., Experimental investigations of tension in the electro-chemical heat treatment furnace
system. Proceedings of the University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, pub.office KSTU, 4 (2008), 77-79
[5] Yuсhshenko O., Mathematical models of the electromechanical system of permanent hot zinc-planting line,
Proceedings of the University, Karaganda, Kazakhstan, 3 (2010), 87-89
[6] Yuchshenko O., Wojcik W., Development of electromechanical system of a vertical collector of permanent
hot zinc-playing line, Informatyka Automatyka Promiary (IAPgos - Informatics Control Measurement in Economy and
Environment Protection), 3 (2012), 5-8
[7] Sharakshane A.S., Zheleznov I.G., Ivnitskii V.A., Complex systems, High school, 1977
[8] Sivyakova G.A., The interconnected electric drive of the permanent annealing unit, Abstract dissertation
for the degree of Kandidat of technical sciences, 6/2/2007, Almaty, AIEC, 2007, p. 24.
[9] Svetlichnyi A., Leykovsky K., Information and control systems in the industry, Modern automation
technology, Moscow, (2006), No. 3, 18-26
[10] Vydrin V.N., Fedosienko A.S., Automation of rolling mills. Moscow: Metallurgy, 1984
Ющенко Олеся Александровна, Waldemar Wójcik.
Разработка имитационной модели системы регулирования натяжения полосы в динамических ре-
жимах в линии непрерывного горячего цинкования.
Резюме. В статье рассматриваются особенности разработки имитационной модели системы автоматиче-
ского регулирования электропривода активного ролика линии непрерывного горячего цинкования. Приводятся
результаты имитационного моделирования.
Ключевые слова: усилие натяжения, активный ролик, момент сопротивления, имитационная модель.
Ющенко Олеся Александровна, Waldemar Wójcik.
Түйіндеме. Бапта үздiксiз ыстық мырыштауды сызықтың белсендi ролигiнiң электр қозғағышын авто-
матты реттеудi жүйенiң имитациялық үлгiсiнiң өңдеуiн ерекшелiктердi қаралады. Имитациялық пiшiндеудiң
нәтижелерiн тура келедi.
99
Подсекция
Телекоммуникационные и космические технологии
ӘОЖ 621.316.726
Анарбаев А.Е., Молдахметов С.С. докторант, Исембергенов Н.Т.
Қ.И. Сәтбаев атындағы Қазақ ұлттық техникалық университеті,
Алматы қ., Қазақстан Республикасы, smsayat@mail.ru
ИНДУКЦИЯЛЫҚ ҚЫЗДЫРУ ҮШIН КҮШ ИНВЕРТОРДЫҢ БАСҚАРУ ЖҮЙЕСI
Аңдатпа. Мақалада индукциялық қыздырумен басқару жүйесін әзірлеудің конструкциялық-тәжiрибелiк
шешiм көрсетілген. ATmega32 микроконтроллер база құрылысында әзірленген басқару жүйесі оның ерекше
айырмашылығы болып табылады. Микроконтроллердің функциясында импульстарды генерациялаудан
тысқары жиілікті іріктеу, СКИ (сұйық кристалды индикатор) дисплейге шығару және жұмыстың уақыты кіреді.
Мақалада құрылғының электр сызбасы, баспа платаның сұлбасы, микроконтроллердің программалық
алгоритмі, құрылғының жұмыс принциптің сипаттамасы көрссетілген. Құрылғы макетінің сынақ нәтижелері
көрсетілген, сонымен бірге индукциялық қыздырумен басқаруға қатысты негiзгi мәселеледің шешiм ұсынысы
жасалынған.
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