ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ АӨК ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: АУЫЛШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ, ВЕТЕРИНАРЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ
ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАРДЫҢ ДАМУ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ АПК КАЗАХСТАНА: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ,
ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
282
Anisoplia spp.
Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin, Lam-
dacyhalothrin, Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam
222
CONCLUSION
In addition to the pests that are mentioned above, so many harmful insect, nematode, mite and mice
can be problem time to time in the wheat cultivation fields. Also there are many natural enemies in the wheat
fields. Therefore, good agricultural applications are applied within the scope of controlling pests without dis-
turbing the natural balance and affecting the environment. All the methods that are alternative to chemical
tactics must be in priority, if the pets become problem despite all these preventions, the chemical control
must be carried out.
References:
1 Anonymous, 2008.Tahıl Zararlıları. Zirai MücadeleTeknikTalimatları, Cilt 1. Tarım ve Köyişleri
Bakanlığı, Tarımsal Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 283p
2 Anonymous, 2011.Buğday Entegre mücadele tekniktalimatı.Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı, Tarımsal
Araştırmalar Genel Müdürlüğü, Bitki Sağlığı Araştırmaları Daire Başkanlığı, Ankara, 142 p
3 Anonymous, 2015.2014 Yılı Hububat Sektörü.Toprak Masülleri Ofisi Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara
2015.
4 Anonymous, 2016. Bitki Koruma Ürünleri veri tabanı.T.C. Gıda Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, Bitki
Koruma Ürünleri Daire Başkanlığı. Available at: https://bku.tarim.gov.tr[Access date: 01.03.2016].
5 Avcı,I., 1998. Adana’da buğday ekiliş alanlarında zararlı türlerin ve doğal düşmanların
belirlenmesi.ÇukuruovaÜniversitesi, Fen BilimleriEnstitüsü, YüksekLisansTezi, Adana, 54 p.
6 Kaplan, E., 2014. GAP bölgesindeki bitki koruma uygulamalarına ait sorunların belirlenmesi. Dicle
Üniversitesi, Fen BilimleriEnstitüsü, Yüksek LisansTezi, Diyarbakır, 87 p.
7 Obalı, B., 2007. Konya ili buğday ekim alanlarında bulunan zabrus türleri (Zabrus spp.
Col.:Carabidae) ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü,
YüksekLisansTezi, Konya, 43 p.
8 Sayan, M.2010. Adana’da bugday agro ekosistemindeki böcek türlerinin belirlenmesi.Çukuruova
Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, YüksekLisansTezi, Adana, 87 p.
9 Yulafçı, A., 2013. Türkiye’de buğday yetiştiriciliğinde karşılaşılan problemler.Tarım Bilimleri
Araştırma Dergisi, 6 (2):1-9.
UDC 666.852
INFLUENCE OF PREPARING METHOD ON THE PROPERTIES
OF MAGNESIA COMPOSITIONS
Miryuk O. - Doctor Rudny Industrial Institute
Influence of the method of preparation on properties of magnesium compositions is investigated. Effi-
ciency of separate preparation of concrete mix is shown
Keywords: magnesium composition, methods of preparation
Production of cement is large user of material and energetic recourses. It requires development of
mixed cementless binding substances. Technology of mixed binders assumes the maximum involvement in
the production of industrial wastes.
Magnesium binders reveal activate the capacity in relation to numerous number of materials. This be-
came background for getting mixed binders from caustic magnesite and mineral component [1 – 3]. Magne-
sium compositions characterized by low energy intensity of production, intensive hardening and high
strength. Containing of magnesium component in the composition of mixed binders is 50 – 70%. Recourses
of magnesium rocks are limited. It is necessary to reduce deficit caustic magnesite in the composition with
mixed binders.
Purpose of the work – is synthesis and investigation magnesium compositions of different structures.
For achieving purpose were identified following objectives:
– investigation hydration activity of magnesium oxide in magnesium compositions;
– development structure of sulpho- magnesium compositions.
For experiments were used: caustic magnesite mark PMK – 75, building plaster mark G – 5АII, anth-
ropogenic materials (wastes of concentration magnetite ore, cullet, concrete crow, limestone and silica sand
ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ АӨК ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: АУЫЛШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ, ВЕТЕРИНАРЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ
ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАРДЫҢ ДАМУ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ АПК КАЗАХСТАНА: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ,
ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
283
sifting).
Binding compositions were prepared by thoroughly mixing fine components. Strength properties were
determined on samples with size 20x20x20 mm, made with dough of normal density. Phase composition of
hardened materials evaluated by X – ray method of analysis.
Structure of magnesium binders is unique by presence of magnesium oxide, which in comparison with
calcium oxide is slightly soluble and slowly reacts with water. This is [4] due to skinning effect Mg(OH)
2
,
which is prevent from water penetration into deep into the grain binder. Hardenings of magnesia materials,
mixing with water, do not have much practical value.
With the introduction of salt (chloride or magnesium sulfate), into hardener significantly increased so-
lubility of magnesium oxide, increases degree of supersaturation and accelerates the crystallization of bru-
cite, forms hydroxide salt.
Magnesium binders, mixing a solution of magnesium chloride hardens rapidly, are highly durable.
Caustic magnesite, coupled with a solution of magnesium chloride activates siliceous, aluminosilicate and
other substances. This capability is implemented in the magnesium binder compositions using natural and
anthropogenic materials.
Activity of MgO in compositions depends on many factors. The nature of these factors requires clarifi-
cation. Increasing density of solution MgCl
2
in the limits
1150 – 1400 kg/m
3
for caustic magnesite
(picture 1) limits or fully exclude formation of Mg(OH)
2
; provides growth of containing magnesium pentahy-
drate oxychloride Mg(OH)
2
·MgCl
2
·8H
2
O («5 – form»), which is prevail in the composition of crystalline hy-
drate using solution with density 1250 –1400 kg/m
3
.
A large proportion of the «5 – form» is formed in the early stages, providing a high rate of hardening
stone. In the structure of binder аs part of a binder, mixing solutions of high density (1350 and 1400 kg/m
3
),
identified hydrate 3Mg(OH)
2
·MgCl
2
·8H
2
O («3 – form») – magnesium trihydrate oxychloride.
Hydrate «3 – form» is formed by recrystallization of a small part of «5 – form». There is no clear rela-
tionship between the concentration of MgCl
2
solution, and the degree of hydration of MgO. This indicates the
dependence of activity MgO from content and structure of hydrates.
Along with salt solutions, magnesium binders are recommended to temper with acids solution HCl
[4, 5]. To obtain comparative characteristics was used MgCl
2
solution with density of 1250 kg/m
3
and com-
plex solution (solution of MgCl:HCl:H
2
O – 2:1:1, volumetric parts).
When tempering caustic magnesite with complex solution hydration level of MgO is increased on 6%.
In the cured binder is formed Mg(OH)
2
. A content of magnium pentahydrate oxychloride reduces on 28%,
which is lead to decreasing strength of the stone. Staying in the water samples twice reduces the proportion
of the initial MgO; provides a significant increase quantity of Mg(OH)
2
. There is a part of hydrate
5Mg(OH)
2
·MgCl
2
·8H
2
O in the water.
Picture 1– Influence of sealer density on phase composition and strength
of caustic magnesite stone (7 days)
According to the X – ray analysis, in the stone, which was hardened 28 days, save up to 30% uncom-
1 – МgO
2 – Mg(OH)
2
1
2
3
ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ АӨК ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: АУЫЛШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ, ВЕТЕРИНАРЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ
ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАРДЫҢ ДАМУ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ АПК КАЗАХСТАНА: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ,
ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
284
bined MgO. Hardening of sulfate-magnesium binders is occur in initial hydration of magnesium oxide, which
activity rises with increasing portion of building plaster (table 1). The highest degree of hydration of MgO is
typical for the first 7 days, later reactive ability of phase reduced.
Effect of temper concentration on the activity of MgO sulfate-magnesium binders is inexpressively. In
the structure of new formations is prevail 5Mg(OH)
2
·MgCl
2
·8H
2
O. In the low magnesia binders id formed also
magnesium hydrate oxychloride carbonate Mg(OH)
2
·MgCl
2
·2MgCO
3
·6H
2
O. Intensive formation of magne-
sium hydrate complexes provides high strong characteristics of sulfate-magnesium binder.
Table 1 – Containing phases in the hardened sulfate-magnesium binder
Content
semi-aquatic
calcium sulfate,
(%)
Density of solu-
tion
MgCl
2
,
(kg/m
3
)
Age,
(days)
The intensity of the reflection phase
in the diffraction pattern, relation of units
MgO
0,148 (nm)
5Mg(OH)
2
·MgCl
2
·8H
2
O
0,196 (nm)
0
1240
28
100
100
20
28
94
140
40
28
92
225
60
28
83
250
40
1240
1
102
190
40
7
96
210
40
28
92
225
40
90
90
185
40
1200
7
98
165
40
1240
7
94
210
40
1280
7
97
260
The tendency of growth activity of MgO and increasing the degree of its transformation into hydrate
oxychloride complexes safes while added to the caustic magnesite mineral component. Character of hydrate
formation with participation MgO also depends on the composition of the mineral component.
These approve results of investigations binders of caustic magnesite (35%) and minerals – silicates
(65%), tempered with solution of magnesium chloride with density 1220 kg/m
3
(table 2). The highest degree
of conversion of magnesium oxide is characteristic for compositions containing silicates insular structure
(andradite and epidote), which are more prone to hydrolytic decomposition in a solution of magnesium chlo-
ride.
Table 2 – Influence of minerals structure on phase content in hardened mixed magnesium
binders
Mineral
The intensity of the diffraction reflections of phases, (rel. units)
MgO,
0,148( nm)
Mg(OH)
2,
0,157 (nm)
5Mg(OH)
2
·MgCl
2
·8H
2
O
0,196 (nm)
7 days
80 days
7 days
80 days
7 days
80 days
No
100
87
100
93
100
96
Andradite
43
35
29
30
93
100
Epidote
53
44
33
33
116
114
Albite
66
47
no
no
139
161
Diopside
64
52
23
25
91
99
Magnesia binders are differs with intense hardening, high strength, the ability to use anthropogenic
materials. Effective magnesia composition which containing components of different composition and struc-
ture [6, 7].
Multicomponent structure of investigated materials includes various options for combining the compo-
nents in the preparation of molding compounds, characterized by a sequence of contacts.
Purpose of work – to study the effect of preparation method on the properties of magnesia-based
composition of iron ore wastes.
The object of research – the composition of the mixed magnesia binder and granular ore waste. As part of
the mixed magnesia astringent 30% is caustic magnesite and 70% is from fine iron ore wastes.
ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ АӨК ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: АУЫЛШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ, ВЕТЕРИНАРЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ
ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАРДЫҢ ДАМУ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ АПК КАЗАХСТАНА: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ,
ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
285
The influence of the method of preparation was investigated at various levels: the formation of the micro-
structure of the mixed binder and the formation of a macrostructure composition with granular ore wastes.
In the first stage were studied three methods of preparation mixed magnesia binder:
I – mixing a mixture of components (traditional technology);
II – mixing caustic magnesite with magnesium chloride solution and subsequent addition of a mineral
component;
III – mixing the mineral component with magnesium chloride solution and subsequent addition of
magnesite.
Influence of the preparation on the properties of the test results confirm the compositions of binder
(table 3).
Increase strength characteristics of the binder is achieved by pre-treatment of wastes a mixing conducive
hydrolysis minerals.
Primary contact of caustic magnesite with a large volume contributes to a mixing transformation of the
MgO and MgCl
2
in magnesium pentagidrooksihlorid. As a result of weakening magnesia component activat-
ing effect on the mineral component. Proof of this can serve as the data on the effect of partial treatment of
caustic magnesite. A limited number of magnesite (15% of total consumption), introduced in the preparation
of salt solution without compromising the rheological properties of a mixing enrich it with magnesium ions.
Table 3 – Effect of preparation method on the strength of the binder
Way
Compressive strength with compression in %, aged, days
1
3
7
14
28
I
75
82
92
95
100
II
73
85
91
93
98
III
87
92
97
103
110
Granular component – the inert component of concrete mixtures, but the role of primary contact of this
ingredient in the preparation of molding compounds is often quite substantial. This is due to the influence of
the nature of the granular preparation of concrete mixes on the formation and the state contact layer be-
tween the aggregate particles and the binder stone. Structural features of the contact layer determine the
strength properties of composite materials and affect the durability of items.
In the second phase investigated the following methods for the preparation of magnesium-based
compositions of granular aggregates:
1 – joint mixing all components of the mixture;
2 – initial contact with a mixing aggregate for 2 to 3 minutes, stirring and the subsequent introduction
of the mixed binder.
Comparative characteristics of the properties of granular compositions obtained in different
ways (picture 2) shows a tendency sealing and hardening of the composition while maintaining the
primary contact of the particles ore wastes with a solution of magnesium chloride.
ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ АӨК ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: АУЫЛШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ, ВЕТЕРИНАРЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ
ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАРДЫҢ ДАМУ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ АПК КАЗАХСТАНА: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ,
ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
286
1– fraction «0,63 – 0,315» mm; 2 – fraction «1,25 – 0,63» mm;
3 – fraction «2,5 – 0,315» mm; 4 – fraction «2,5 – 0,63» mm
Picture 2 – Effect of preparation method on the properties of granular compositions
Picture 3 – The structure of the composition by different preparation method
This is confirmed by the results of studies granular compositions by electron microscopy (pic-
ture 3), showing a decrease of defects in the contact zones in the microstructure of the composites,
increasing the proportion of crystalline hydrates in the border area.
The role of primary contact of the granular component with a solution of magnesium chloride is deter-
mined to the process the surface of the particles of crushed material, and to free it from dust fractions, pre-
venting contact with the stone binder. When crushed rock and ore wastes, along with the desired fraction by
fine dust-like particles content in the concrete mix are trying to limit.
To confirm this hypothesis, was prepared concrete mixture on technogenic aggregate of initial state
and on the basis of ore wastes, washed from dust particles. Washing were subjected to separate fractions of
waste ore dressing (table 4). Separation of dust particles from the aggregate grains can improve the strength
of concrete (table 5).
The results show that with decreasing grain size fraction increases the proportion of fines. This can be
explained by the fact that smaller grains have greater force of attraction of the surface, so these grains most
densely covered with fines. For a fraction of «0.14 - 0.315» mm mass loss account for nearly half, it may be
1
2
ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ АӨК ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: АУЫЛШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ, ВЕТЕРИНАРЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ
ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАРДЫҢ ДАМУ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ АПК КАЗАХСТАНА: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ,
ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
287
due to the very small grain size fractions: small grain fractions can be carried out with water with the dust. In
addition, during the classification in this fraction could concentrate a large amount of dust particles. The na-
ture of the influence on aggregate treatment depends on the proportion of fines.
Table 4 – Effect of washing on the composition of the waste ore dressing
Aggregate fraction,
mm
Mass, g
Loss of filler by weight,%
original
washed
0,14 – 0,315
1000
540
46,0
0,315 – 0,63
834
16,6
0,63 – 1,25
921
7,9
1,25 – 2,5
962
3,8
2,5 – 5,0
983
1,7
Table 5 – The effect of treatment on the strength of the filler composition
Aggregate state
Containing fraction (mm), %
The proportion
of magnesium
chloride solution
Tensile strength,
MPa, aged, days
0,14 –
0,315
0,315 –
0,63
0,63 –
1,25
1,25 –
2,5
2,5 –
5,0
3
28
Washed
–
–
–
–
100
0,33
13,50
37,29
Original
–
–
–
–
100
0,33
11,29
34,75
Washed
50
50
–
–
–
0,60
3,21
10,42
Original
50
50
–
–
–
0,64
1,50
6,56
Washed
–
–
50
50
–
0,40
7,60
21,48
Original
–
–
50
50
–
0,40
7,82
21,23
Conclusion.
Maximum speed of hydration magnesium oxide is typical for the initial period. In the stone of long har-
dening remains unconnected magnesium oxide, which participation in the hydrate is able to provide harden-
ing of the material structure. Staying binder stone in water environment is foster to more complete hydration
of magnesium oxide.
Most activity of magnesium oxide is obtained in the mixed binders. Significant amount of hydrate
oxychloride complexes formed in magnesium compositions, formed hydrates based on other components.
The activating influence of sulfate-magnesium binder on the hardening anthropogenic materials of dif-
ferent composition was established in the article.
Pretreatment of anthropogenic component can improve the properties of magnesia compositions.
References:
1 Kaschuk I.V., Vereschagin V.I. Water-resistant magnesium-containing binders combined with the
use of iron-diopside rocks // News of HEIs. Building. –1998. – № 6. P. 54 – 58.
2 Miryuk O.A., Akhmetov I.S. Binders from technogenic raw. – Rudny: RII. – 2002. – 250 p.
3 Khudyakova T.M., Verner V.F., Groshev V.A. Obtaining a water resistant binder // News of Ka-
zakhstan science. – 2002. –№ 3. – P. 51 – 54.
4 Paschenko A.A., Serbin V.P., Starchevskaya E.A. Binding materials. – Kiev: High school. – 1975. –
444 p.
5 Philosophof P.P. Local dolomite binder substances. – М.: Stroyizdat. –1984. – 92 p.
6 Lytkina Е. V. Xylolite crystallit and building materials using composite magnesia binder, containing
present-diabase // Proceedings of the universities. Building. 2010. №9. P. 26 –29.
7 Miryuk О.А. Hardening and porization magnesian compositions // Sсience and world. International
scientific Journal. 2014. № 2 Vol. I. Р. 170 – 174.
ҚАЗАҚСТАННЫҢ АӨК ИННОВАЦИЯЛЫҚ ДАМУЫ: АУЫЛШАРУАШЫЛЫҚ, ВЕТЕРИНАРЛЫҚ ЖӘНЕ
ТЕХНИКАЛЫҚ ҒЫЛЫМДАРДЫҢ ДАМУ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯЛАРЫ
ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ АПК КАЗАХСТАНА: ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ,
ВЕТЕРИНАРНЫХ И ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ НАУК
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