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40-Ш- Конспект лекций (каз)
| -Physical development affects a child’s ability to focus his eye on a page, hold a pencil or a brush. Around 7 or 8 tears children lose their top and bottom front teeth which is embarrassing for many and makes pronunciation difficult.
-The children are fond of talking. Nevertheless, some children do not want to talk in a foreign language because they find it too difficult. This is up to the teacher to choose such activities which are not too difficult, which are enjoyable and make children speak. Teachers have to center their attention on speaking as it is not sufficient if children know grammar and vocabulary but they are not able to speak and construct their own sentences. This idea brings to the main purpose of learning English as a foreign language and it is to reach the level of being able to communicate. -If teachers want their students to communicate they should carefully prepare their syllabuses. There are three basic types of content goals and the syllabus should consist of the combination of the all three types. The first type is focused on structures teachers want to teach. The structures include grammatical tenses and some concrete structures themselves (such as modal verbs, verbs plus-ing, etc.) the second type deals with topics and situations of a daily life. The topics are often used for the development of conversational skills but they can also be used for learning grammar. The third type tackles with functions. The term “functions” concerns expressing one’s preferences, asking and giving directions, etc. -No two learners will be alike in any class. Research has shown that not only do we all learn in different ways, we also have multiple intelligences (Gardiner). Studies that some of us are auditory learners who need to hear the language and listen, others are visual learners who have to see and visualize before understanding and feeling confident enough to try it out, while still others can only learn through doing, the kinesthetic learner. Auditory learners like if new pieces of information and instructions are presented in a spoken way. For them it is much more important what their teachers say and what their teachers write on the board. If they want to understand a problem, they usually have to say the problem aloud. Although auditory types of people like listening to what other people say and speak, they need certain calm conditions to be able to communicate, otherwise they become nervous and sometimes aggressive. Approximately a quarter of population prefers auditory simulation. Fifty percent of the population prefers the visual way of acquiring new information. Such students remember best everything what they can see. Teachers have to use enough texts, pictures, videos, etc. Visual types of people have to imagine the texts and pictures in their minds and therefore they need enough time and space for communicating their thoughts. They often move when they speak and they do not usually look directly at the person they are speaking to. It is caused by the fact that they need to avoid all the distracting elements in their surroundings. On the other hand, visual types of people are every good in creative thinking and they have many interesting ideas and opinions. The last remarkable group of people are people preferring a kinesthetic type of simulation. For these people it is crucial to experience the feeling of motion. Not only motion is important for them, but also emotions in general. These people are very sensitive, although they can look like being completely insensitive as far as other people are concerned because they are focused on their own feelings and emotions. Teachers should offer these people enough opportunities to move as motion is what makes them relaxed and calm. The Chinese expression “I hear- I know; I see- I understand; I do- I remember” shows that to meet the needs of all three is to make it a memorable experience for all. But it doesn’t end there. Our intelligences profiles add another dimension. These consist of combinations of eight different primary intelligence types: linguistic; logical-mathematical; spatial; bodily kinesthetic; musical; interpersonal — the way we relate to each other;, intrapersonal — our ability to self-evaluate, and the naturalist (Berman, 1995). This should not be seen as a problem, but rather as a distinct advantage when thinking of activities to introduce to practice language and the four skills. For example; logical — mathematical intelligences like number and sequence, puzzles, problems to solve. жүктеу/скачать 167,52 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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