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Наука и жизнь Казахстана 4 6 2020
| INTRODUCTION
Pragmatic-untranslatables. Discrepancies in the lexical unit’s pragmatics of the original language and its correspondence in the translating language are much more common than discrepancies in ref- erence values. In each language, compared to any other, you can find words that match in reference value, but differ in stylistic characteristics, register, or emotional coloring – by what is usually included in the pragmatic meaning of the lexical unit. The largest class of pragmatic-untranslatables, which includes a fairly large number of types, is a deviation from the general language norm. They are, first of all, both territorial and social dialectisms, localisms, jargon, vulgarisms, slangisms, general language norms that do not have pragmatically ad- equate equivalents in the Russian language. Devia- tions from the general language norm also include “liberties of oral speech”. In the English language, examples of such words can be: flopnik – an unsuc- cessfully launched satellite (from the English flop – to plop down), buttinsky – a person who meets everywhere (from the English to butt in – to get in). The group of pragmatic-untranslatables also includes foreign language inclusions – words and expressions on a stranger to the original of mor- phological or syntactic changes, introduced by the author to give the text authenticity, to create color, atmosphere or impression of reading, or learning, sometimes – a touch of comic or irony. Although words of this kind are not included in the vocabulary of the source language, nevertheless, they are used in the text along with the words of the original lan- guage to create a certain pragmatic meaning that should be conveyed in the translation along with the referential meaning of such words, which is often not possible. In this case, the determining factor will be the role of foreign language interspersed in the text. If it is used to create local flavor or to convey the speaker’s nationality, then it is included in the 173 ҚАЗА ҚСТАННЫ Ң ҒЫЛЫМЫ МЕН Ө М ІР І • НАУКА И ЖИЗНЬ КАЗАХСТАНА • SCIENCE AND LIFE OF KA ZAKHST AN translation text in its original form. Moreover, if it is understandable without translation, then you can do without a footnote. Abbreviations (abbreviations), most of which are associated with scientific, military technical and similar special vocabulary, have recently penetrated more and more into everyday spoken language, and hence into fiction, the language of radio and tele- vision, the language of journalism. Despite the fact that they do not, as a rule, have their own concep- tual meaning, but are a “reduced reflection of the original unit”, in addition to this reference value, they have an additional pragmatic meaning: either belonging to a certain functional style (scientific, technical, colloquial, to professional jargon), or be- longing to a particular speech register (familiarity). And this pragmatic meaning, no doubt very impor- tant from the point of view of the function of the text, is often more difficult to convey, with a concept that is behind this or that abbreviation. Examples of pragmatically inequivalent abbreviations of the Eng- lish language can be: vet (veteran) – veteran, specs (spectacles) – glasses, gents (gentlemen) – gentle- men; CAD (Computer-Aided Design) – CAD (com- puter aided design) [Ya.I. Retsker, 1974, р.57 ]. When translating such abbreviations, only compensation at the level of a broader context can help. The inequality of words with suffixes of subjec- tive assessment is more typical for translation from Russian into English, since the Russian language is much richer in suffixes of this type than English, which has only four diminutive suffixes: – let (book- let), – ling (weakling), – kin ( Peterkin), – y (Piggy). Therefore, the translation of English nouns with suf- fixes of subjective assessment into Russian usually does not pose a serious problem. жүктеу/скачать 14,41 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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