Боргуль Н. М. Пособие по основам теории изучаемого языка, печать
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| § 3. The adjective
Forms of OE adjective express the categories of gender (masculine, feminine, and neuter), number (singular and plural), and case (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, and, partly, instrumental. Every adjective can be declined according to the strong and to the weak declension. The strong declension of adjectives differs to some extent from that of the nouns: some case forms of adjectives correspond to those of the pronouns. So, on the whole, the strong declension of adjectives is a combination of nominal and pronominal forms. E.g.: Singular Masculine Neuter Feminine Nom. Ʒ ōd ‗ good‘ Ʒ ōd Ʒ ōd Gen. Ʒ ōdes Ʒ ōdes Ʒ ōdre Dat. Ʒ ōdum Ʒ ōdum Ʒ ōdre Acc. Ʒ ōdne Ʒ ōd Ʒ ōd Instr. Ʒ ōde Ʒ ōde --- Plural Nom. Ʒ ōde Ʒ ōd Ʒ ōda Gen. Ʒ ōdra Ʒ ōdra Ʒ ōdra Dat. Ʒ ōde Ʒ ōd Ʒ ōda Acc. Ʒ ōde Ʒ ōd Ʒ ōda The weak declension of adjectives does not differ from that of nouns, except in the genitive plural of all genders, which often takes the ending ‗ -ra‘, taken over from the strong declension. 22 Singular Plural Masculine Neuter Feminine Nom. blaca ‗ black‘ blace blace blacan Gen. blacan blacan blacan blæcra (blacena) Dat. blacan blacan blacan blacum Acc. blacan blacan blacan blacan Like adjectives in other languages, most OE adjectives distinguished between three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and superlative. The regular means used to form the comparative and the superlative from the positive were the suffixes –ra and –est/ost. Sometimes suffixation was accompanied by an interchange of the root-vowel. The comparatives were declined as strong adjectives; the superlatives rarely took the forms of the strong declension and mostly followed the weak declension. blæc ‗ black‘ earm ‗ poor‘ stron Ʒ ‘ strong‘ blæcra earmra stren Ʒ ra blæcost earmost stren Ʒ est Several adjectives had suppletive forms of comparative and superlative: Ʒ ōd ‗ good‘ betera betst yfel ‗ bad‘ wiersa wierest micel ‗ large‘ māra mæst l ȳ tel ‗ little‘ l ǣ ssa l ǣ st жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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