Боргуль Н. М. Пособие по основам теории изучаемого языка, печать
Part 4. Lexical aspects of the English language study 56
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Part 4. Lexical aspects of the English language study 56 Unit 1. Lexicology as a branch of linguistics 56 Unit 2. Stratification of the English vocabulary 57 Unit 3. The etymological background of the English word-stock 61 Unit 4. The structure of English words 67 Unit 5. Word-building and the enrichment of the vocabulary 69 Unit 6. Semantic characteristics of the English vocabulary 71 Unit 7. Phraseology 75 Unit 8. Lexicography 78 3 Part 5. Grammatical aspects of the English language 81 Unit 1. Theoretical grammar: its aims and periodization 81 Unit 2. Word-class theory (parts of speech) 81 Unit 3. The noun 84 Unit 4. The sentence 86 Part 6. Territorial varieties and dialects of the English language 95 Unit 1. English in America 95 Unit 2. English in Canada 98 Unit 3. English in Austalia 101 Unit 4. New Zealand English 103 Unit 5. Indian English 104 Unit 6. African-American Vernacular English 105 Part 7. Practicum on theory of the English language 108 References 116 4 Part 1 THEORY OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE: A PREVIEW UNIT 1. LANGUAGE, LINGUISTICS AND THEORY OF THE LANGUAGE The content of the course ― theory of the language ǁ comprises all main branches and methods of modern linguistics. Interest in linguistics – the study of human language – has existed throughout history. For thousands of years people tried to give an answer to such questions as: What is language? Is language unique to the human species? What is the origin of language? How and why do languages change? How do children learn language? What is the biological basis for human language? In addition to the philosophical interest, practical considerations have also motivated linguists, psychologists, philosophers, educators, sociologists, neurologists, computer scientists, logicians and others to address these questions and study the language using different approaches. Hence there exist numerous definitions of the term ‗ language‘. One of them is given by Webster‘s New World Dictionary: language < L [ lingua, tongue] 1. human speech or the written symbols for speech; 2. a) any means of communicating; b) a special set of symbols used in a computer; 3. the speech of a particular nation; 4. the particular style of verbal expression characteristic of a person, group, profession, etc. As we see from the given definition the word ‗ language‘ can be understood differently, so it is no wonder that there are so many arguments concerning the problem of defining it. Linguistics also endeavors to answer the question – what is language and how is it represented in the mind? Linguists focus on describing and explaining language and are not concerned with the prescriptive rules of the language. Linguists are not required to know many languages and linguists are not interpreters. The main goal of the linguist is to try to discover the universals concerning language. That is, what elements are common for all languages. The linguist then tries to place these elements in a theoretical framework that will describe all languages and also predict what can not occur in a language. Linguistics is a social science that shares common ground with other social sciences such as psychology, anthropology, sociology and archaeology. It also may influence other disciplines such as communication studies and computer science. Linguistics for the most part though can be considered a cognitive science. Linguistics includes a number of branches and sub-branches. The fields of phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and language acquisition are considered the core fields of study. Below there are described several linguistic branches. 5 жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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