Боргуль Н. М. Пособие по основам теории изучаемого языка, печать
жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- Irish ; Scots ; Manx (spoken on the Isle-of-Man, between Scotland and Ireland § 2. The Roman Conquest
| Gallo-Breton
and the Gaelic . The Gallo-Breton group includes: Gallic , which was spoken in Gaul; British , represented by Welsh in Wales, Breton in Brittany, and Cornish in Cornwall (passed out of use in the 18 th c.). The Gaelic group includes: Irish ; Scots ; Manx (spoken on the Isle-of-Man, between Scotland and Ireland § 2. The Roman Conquest The Romans conquered a huge empire in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. In 55 B.C. the Romans under Julius Caesar first landed in Britain but after a brief stay they went back to Gaul. The following summer (54 BC) Caesar again invaded the 9 island. This time he succeeded in establishing himself in the South-East. But after a few meetings with the natives he again returned to Gaul. After that Britain was not troubled by the Romans for nearly 100 years. The Romans returned, led by Emperor Claudius in 43 AD. They occupied a vast area now known as England. Scotland remained hostile and unconquered. The Romans never tried to conquer Ireland. The conquest of Britain was followed by its Romanization: it became a Roman province. The Romans brought writing and a sophisticated legal system into Britain. They introduced the Alphabet the British use today, and almost half the words in modern English derive from Latin. They created new towns, and introduced drainage systems, houses with glass windows, and a form of central heating. One of the oldest buildings in Britain is the Roman lighthouse, or Pharos, at Dover. Also, long straight roads were built to move the troops rapidly through forest and swamp; trade and communications were improved. Roman influence is always evident in names of towns ending with –caster, -chister , because ‗ castrum‘ in Latin denoted a fort, and ‗ castra‘ – a camp. Though the Romans spoke Latin, the Latin language did not replace the Celtic language. Its use was confined to members of the upper classes and the inhabitants of the towns. The Romans removed their last legion from Britain in 410 A.D. as the army was needed to prevent barbarian invasions in mainland Europe. But the independence of the country was very short. жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|