Боргуль Н. М. Пособие по основам теории изучаемого языка, печать
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- Latino-French doublets
- § 4. International words
| § 3. Etymological doublets
Sometimes a word is borrowed twice from the same language. As a result, we have two different words with different spellings and meanings but historically they come back to one and the same word. Such words are called etymological doublets. Two words at present slightly differentiating in meaning may have originally been dialectal variants of the same word. Thus, we find in doublets traces of Old English dialects. Examples are: the verbs drag and draw . They both come from OE dragan . In English there are some other groups of etymological doublets: a) Latino-French doublets Latin English from Latin English from French uncia inch ounce camera camera chamber b) Franco-French (doublets borrowed from different dialects of French) Norman Paris canal channel castle chateau c) Scandinavian-English 66 Scandinavian English skirt shirt scabby shabby screech shriek There are also etymological doublets which were borrowed from the same language during different historical periods, such as French doublets. From the French word genteel – любезный , благородный developed etymological doublets: gentle – мягкий , вежливый and genteel – благородный . Castle – замок and chateaux – шато , большой загородный дом are also French etymological doublets. § 4. International words As the process of borrowing is mostly connected with the appearance of new notions which they serve to express, it is natural that the borrowing is seldom limited to one language. Words of identical origin that occur in several languages as a result of simultaneous or successive borrowings from one ultimate source are called international words. International words play an especially important part in different terminological systems including the vicabulary of science, industry and art. The origin of this vocabulary reflects the history of world culture. E.g. the mankind‘s debt to Italy is reflected in the great number of words connected with archyecture, painting and music. Many Italian words belonging to these spheres became international: allegro, andante, barcarole, opera , etc. The rate of change in technology, political, social and artistic life was greatly accelerated in the 20 th century and so the number of international lexical units increased greatly, e.g. we can mention a number of words connected with the development of science: antenna, antibiotics, cybernetics, gene, microelectronics . The international wordstock is also growing due to the influx of exotic borrowed words like: anaconda, kraal, orang-outang, sari , etc. We find numerous English words in the field of sport: football, out, match, tennis, time, ring, boots and many others. There are English international words referring to clothing: jersey, sweater, twed, pullover, shorts, leggins , etc. жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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