Боргуль Н. М. Пособие по основам теории изучаемого языка, печать
жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
Оқытылатын тіл
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- § 2.8 German borrowings
- § 2.9 Dutch borrowings
- § 2.10 Russian borrowings
| § 2.7 Spanish borrowings
Spanish borrowings came into English mainly through its American variant. There are the following semantic groups of them: a) trade terms: cargo, embargo; b) names of dances and musical instruments: tango, rumba, habanera, guitar; c) names of vegetables and fruit: tomato, potato, tobacco, cocoa, banana, ananas, apricot , etc. § 2.8 German borrowings There are some 800 words borrowed from German into English. Some of them have classical roots, e.g. in some geological terms, such as: cobalt, bismuth, zinc, quarts, gneiss, wolfram . There were also words denoting objects used in everyday life which were borrowed from German: iceberg, lobby, rucksack, Kindergarten, etc. In the period of the Second World War the following language units were borrowed: Luftwaffe, SS-man, gestapo, gas chamber and others. 65 § 2.9 Dutch borrowings Holland and England have had constant interrelations for many centuries and more than 2000 Dutch words were borrowed into English. Most of them are nautical terms and were mainly borrowed in the 14 th century, such as: freight, skipper, pump, keel, dock, reef, deck, leak and many others. § 2.10 Russian borrowings Russian words began to penetrate into the English vocabulary as early as the Old English period. They were brought by the first travellers and the tradesmen, e.g.: mead (OE meodu = honey), sable . There were constant contacts between England and Russia and they borrowed words from one language into the other. Among early Russian borrowings there are mainly words connected with trade relations, such as: rouble, copeck, pood; words relating to the nature, such as: taiga, tundra, steppe ; animals and fish: borzoi, beluga, sterlet, sable ; vehicles: troika, troshki, kibitka ; clothes: sarafan, shuba ; beverages – vodka, kvass , etc. There is also a large group of Russian borrowings which came into English through Russian literature of the 19 th century, such as: moujik, duma, volost , etc. and also words which were formed in Russian with Latin roots: nihilist, intelligenzia, Decembrist , etc. After the October Revolution many new words appeared in Russian. They were connected with the new political system, new culture, and many of them were borrowed into English, e.g. collectivization, udarnik, Komsomol and also translation loans, e.g. shock worker, collective farm, five-year plan . Among later Russian borrowings there are words connected with reforms in the Soviet Union undertaken by M. Gorbachev: perestroika, glasnost, khozraschot , nomenklatura, apparatchik, etc. жүктеу/скачать 0,78 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|