without undergoing any morphological or syntactic change. E.g., the past tenses of
the verbs
cut, hit, shut
are the same as the non-past tenses for the most persons and
numbers. Similarly, the plurals of the nouns
fish, sheep, elk, deer
are the same as the
singulars.
From the structural point of view words may be monomorphic (or root-words)
and polymorphic. The latter are subdivided into: a) derived words and b) compound
words according to the number of root-morphemes they have.
Derived words
(derivatives) are formed by adding a word element (such as
prefix, suffix, or combining form) to an already existing word, e.g.
ungrateful,
sharply.
Compounds
are formed by combining separate words and consist of at least two
root-morphemes, the number of derivational morphemes is not important, e.g.
hard
hearted
. There are a)
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