Конкурсная работа (Английский язык) Откуда произошли английские слова?

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  Italian borrowings: balcony, fresco, violin, piano.
  
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  Spanish borrowings: cargo, canyon (cañόn), savannah (sabana), tornado.
  
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  French borrowings: ball, billet, ballet, intrigue, fatigue, naive.
  

2. 
   The Late New English
   

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  German borrowings: kindergarten, wagon, boy, girl, waltz.
  
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  French borrowings: machine, magazine, garage, engine.
  
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  Indian borrowings: bungalow, jungle, indigo.
  
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  Chinese borrowings: tea, coolie.
  
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  Arabic borrowings: caravan, divan, alcohol, algebra, coffee, bazaar, cotton, orange, candy, chess.
  
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  Russian borrowings:
  

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  Greek and Latin based words: telegraph, telephone, telefax, microphone, sociology, politology, electricity. Such words are mainly scientific.
  

4. 
   Methods
   

When studying the language structure I tried to analyze how words were completed, when and what for. I also tried to study the functions of some suffixes and the time of its appearing with the help of various dictionaries. There are two charts in the supplementary which illustrate some outcomes of the research.

5. 
   Results
   

1. 
   While studying the language structure I noted that each affix had not only a single meaning. Therefore I decided to distinguish two of the most popular affixes and classify their functions according to the time of the appearing. (See Supplementary I)
   
2. 
   While studying the process of word formation which includes external means, that are borrowings, I found out that there are a lot of kindred words in different languages. Thus I have made several diagrams to illustrate it. ( See Supplementary II)
   
3. 
   So, after having tried to penetrate the history of the language, I tried to reveal its bond with the history of the nation.
   

1. 
   Since the tribes worshiped various gods and heavenly bodies they named days of the week after some of them:
   

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  Sunnandæʒ [Sunne (sun) – Sunday(a day of the sun)]
  
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  Mōnandæʒ [Mōna (moon) – Monday(a day of the moon)]
  
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  Tiwesdæʒ [Tiw (a god of war) – Tuesday( a day of Tiw)]
  
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  Wednesdæʒ[Wōdan (a god of wind and storm) – Wednesday]
  
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  Þunresdæʒ[Þunor (a god of thunder, later Þunor was replaced by Thor, relevant Scandinavian god) – Thursday]
  
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  Frïdæʒ[Fri(a goddess of love) – Friday]
  
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  Sæternesdæʒ [Sætern(from Latin Saturnus) – Saturday]
  

2. 
   When the German tribes came to the Isles they met there the native people called Celts. Since the levels of tribes’ development were nearly the same Celts had nothing to be borrowed except geographical names. Celtic Llyndūn meant ‘a castle by the river’. Tatsit knew that name but he used the Roman version Londinium in his papers. Later it was converted into London.
   
3. 
   In the XV century that was the epoch of Renaissance many Italian words were taken. But not all the words were connected with the arts. Due to economic prosperity in Italy there were other words borrowed. One of the most significant is the word “bankrupt”. It was formed from the Italian phrase banca rotta that meant “a broken table”. When a money lander could not pay to his creditors they broke his table to show their protest.
   
4. 
   Another evidence of the dependence is the fact that there appeared two words for policeman: bobby (speaking), peeler (slang)
   

3. 
   
   
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