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ФИО автора: Panjieva Gulhayo Bakhtiyorovna
12-secondary school 
Bostanlyk region 
English teacher 
Название публикации: «COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VERB TYPES IN THE 
ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES IN RELATION TO THE ACTION TO THE 
OBJECT» 
Annotation: The article deals with the problem of classification of verbs in 
English and Uzbek languages, a classification based on the connections between 
vocabulary and grammar is recommended. 
Key words: with standard and non-standard verbs, infinitive, classification, 
participle, gerund. 
As you know, the role of the verb in the formation of a sentence (statement) is 
great. One of the important problems associated with verbs is its classification and 
there are different points of view on this.From the point of view of participation-non-
participation of the grammatical meaning, the classification of the verb can be: 1) 
lexical-semantic; 2) grammatical vocabulary; 3) grammatical. 
Lexico-semantic classification (semantic fields, lexical- semantic groups, 
thematic groups, synonymous series, antonymic pairs) are mainly carried out in 
lexicology.For grammar, in that view, lexico-grammatical and grammatical 
classification of the verb are important. The lexico-grammatical classification of the 
verb is based on the relationship between vocabulary and grammar. The largest and 
most comprehensive lexico-grammatical classification in a language is the parts of 
speech. The lexical aspect of parts of speech consists in abstract categorical meanings, 
such as actions, objects, features, etc., expressed by the stem or root of the verb. The 
grammatical aspect is grammatical meanings expressed by morphological categories 
(time, modality, voice, person, number, etc.). 
The basis of grammatical classification is only a grammatical feature. An 
example of this is the division of English verbs into standard and non-standard types. 
Lexico-grammatical and grammatical classifications of the verb play an important role 

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in the study and teaching of a foreign language, in the description of the grammatical 
structure of the language. They represent a grammatically relevant (meaningful) 
classification of the verb. 
In our opinion, grammatically relevant classifications should be included in 
textbooks and manuals on the grammar of a foreign language. After analyzing the 
literature, it was revealed that the classification of verbs is given differently in different 
sources. There are even some grammar books that do not deal with the classification 
of verbs at all. 
Based on our research, we came to the conclusion that the following 
grammatically relevant types of verbs exist in English and Uzbek. 
1. Types of verbs based on dependence and independence of meaning. 
According to their meaning and the role performed in the sentence, verbs in both 
languages are divided into significant and structural. 
The lexical meaning of significant verbs is complete and they are expressed 
independently. Significant verbs are usually a member of a sentence, and they are given 
in Uzbek and English dictionaries without a marker. Significant verbs are an open 
system. The nomination of an event cannot be imagined without significant verbs, 
because they denote specific actions, processes, states of substances in the objective 
world and are an important part of the nomination. 
Structural verbs cannot express meaning on their own, they cannot play the role 
of a member of a sentence. They mainly serve as significant verbs, are usually used to 
express grammatical meaning, help the main verb express modality, aspect, tense, 
voice, negation, taxis and other grammatical meanings. An important grammatical 
feature of structural verbs lies precisely in this.In English, structural verbs are divided 
into linking verbs, auxiliary and modal verbs, and in Uzbek into linking verbs, auxiliary 
and auxiliary ( ko’makchi ) verbs. 
Linking verbs ( Link Verbs ) together with a noun, adjective or numeral form a 
compound nominal predicate. They connect the predicate (nominal part of the 
predicate) expressed by a noun, adjective or numeral with the subject. 

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In English, they are divided into true linking verbs ( to be ) and special linking 
verbs ( look, seem, appear, feel, taste, become, get, grow, remain, keep, turn). 
Some structural verbs of the Uzbek language ( edi, emish, ekan, bilmoq ), 
depending on the context, can be connective (Men kasal edim. - I was sick.) and 
auxiliary verbs (U ham borgan edi. He was there too.) 
Auxiliary Verbs v English language - to do, to have, to be, shall, will, should, 
would. They serve to form grammatical forms: Do you speak English ?; He has come 
. In the Uzbek language, when the verbs edi , emish , ekan and bo’lmoq perform the 
function of an auxiliary verb, they form verb forms: U ketayotgan edi . (He's leaving) 
Service verbs (ko’makchi ), depending on their meaning, can form analytical 
forms of the verb or derivative verbs. If they completely lose their lexical meaning, the 
nominative verb and service verb ( ko’makchi ) can be considered as an analytical 
form, if they partially lose their lexical meaning, then they cannot be classified as a 
derived verb. Service verbs ( ko’makchi ) include the following verbs: boshlamoq 
(start), etmoq (lie down), turmoq (stand up), yurmoq › (walk), o’tirmoq › (sit), bo’lmoq 
› (be), bitirmoq (finish), olmoq (take ), bermoq (give), qolmoq (stay), qo’ymoq (put). 
It should be noted that in English the functions of Uzbek service verbs 
(ko’makchi) are performed by adverbs, which are called by some linguists 
postpositives ( up , out , in , down , on , off and others): to cut up , to cut out , to cut 
in, to cut down, to cut on , to cut off . 
Modal verbs exist in English: can , must , may , should , ought to , shall , will . 
They differ in their form, grammatical features, meanings, uses and a number of other 
features and serve to express such modal meanings as the possibility, probability, 
necessity, desirability of performing an action, as well as expressing emotions, surprise 
and pity. Apart from can ( could ) and may ( might ) modal verbs do not have any 
grammatical category. None of them one does not have the form of an infinitive, gerund 
and gerund, auxiliary verbs do not participate in the formation of a negative form, only 
the particle not is added . Therefore, they are considered insufficient verbs ( Defective 
verbs ). Modal verbs in combination with the infinitive of the semantic verb serve as a 
compound verbal predicate in the sentence. 

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As can be seen from the features of significant and structural verbs, such a 
division of verbs is carried out on the basis of lexical and grammatical features. 
2. Classification of verbs according to the method of formation of the form: 
Standard verbs (exist in both languages). 
In the Uzbek language, all verb forms are formed on the basis of certain rules. 
At the ishlady. (He worked.) In English, the past tense of the standard verb ( Past 
Indefinite tense ) and past participle ( Past Participle ) is formed by adding the ending 
to the infinitive form - ed. He worked. 
Non-standard verbs (exists in English) 
Non-standard verbs are not formed by adding the ending -ed to the infinitive, but 
in various other ways - by changing vowels and consonants ( rise-rose ; send-sent ), by 
changing the root ( go-went ) and without changing the form ( put-put ) . He came at 2 
o'clock . A broken pen . 
The number of non-standard verbs is small, they represent a closed system and 
are displayed in dictionaries and textbooks. Most verbs are standard verbs. Non-
standard verbs are unproductive. Currently, no new non-standard verbs are being 
formed. 
3. Types of verbs in terms of their relationship to the object: 
Transitive verbs (exist in both languages): The action indicated by transitive 
verbs is directed towards an object. He is reading a book . - U whale o’qiyapti . (He 
reads a book). 
Intransitive verbs (exist in both languages): The action indicated by intransitive 
verbs is not directed at an object. He is sleeping . - Uxlaapti . (He's sleeping) 
4. Types of verbs according to obligatory valency: 
The appearance of the subject and objects in the sentence depends on
verb valency. The verb, by its valence, opens vacancies to the subject and objects. In 
linguistics, the requirement for the presence of a subject and additions (actants) by a 
verb is called obligatory valency. According to obligatory valency, verbs are divided 
into the following: 

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Monovalent verbs (exist in both languages): Monovalent verbs are intransitive, 
they open a vacancy for the subject (first actant) only. Nick works . - Nick ishlaydi . 
(Nick works) 
Bivalent verbs (exist in both languages): Bivalent verbs are transitive verbs and 
they open a vacancy for the subject (first actant) and direct object (second actant). Nick
called her .― Nick uni chaqirdi . (Nick called her). 
Trivalent verbs (exist in both languages): Trivalent verbs are also a kind of 
transitive verbs, they open vacancies for the subject (first actant) and two objects 
(second third actant) - direct and indirect object. Nick gave me some money . ― Nick 
menga pool birdie . (Nick gave me money) 
In some languages, for example, in Russian, there are avalent ( non-valent ) 
verbs: darken (Darkens), evening (Darkens). Such verbs do not open a vacancy for 
either the subject or the object. There are no such verbs in English and Uzbek. 
5. Types of verbs requiring a prepositional object: 
a ) Verbs requiring - prepositional addition ( exists v English language ): to listen 
to, rely on/upon, to accuse of, to consist of, to depend upon/on, to complain about, to 
object to and others . 
b) Verbs that require an unprepositional object (exists in English): to read , to 
cut, to send etc. 
In the Uzbek language, the same types of verbs can also exist. For example, a 
verb requiring an addition in the original case: ovqatdan lazzatlanmoq (enjoy food). 
However, this issue needs separate research. 
6. Verbs requiring a formal subject: Such verbs exist only in English, but do not 
exist in Uzbek. The number of these verbs is counted and they express atmospheric 
phenomena, to rain, to snow, to drizzl, to hail. It is raining. (It's raining). In such 
sentences, it is considered the formal subject. 
7. Verbs used with semi - predicative syntactic constructions (exists in English): 
Some semantic types of English verbs have a grammatical feature. For example, semi 
-predicative syntactic constructions The Objective-with-the- Infinitive Construction, 
The 
Objective-with-the-Participle 
Construction, 
The 
Subjective 
Infinitive 

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Construction, The Subjective-with-the-Participle Construction are used With verbs 
sight , hearing , touch and mental or causative verbs (to get, to have, to make). 
8. Intransitive verbs used in the passive voice (exists in the Uzbek language): In 
the Uzbek language, some intransitive verbs expressing human actions, unlike English 
transitive verbs, can be used both in the active and in the passive voice ( bormoq - in 
the active voice; borilmoq - in the passive voice). 
9. Types of verbs in terms of limiting the action by time (exist in both languages): 
Terminative and non - terminal verbs. There are such verbs in both languages, but in 
English they are grammatically relevant. Compare: Men uni ko’rmayapman. (in 
extended form); I don't see him. (in an extended form). 
10. Types of verbs according to the ability to express predications: Predicative 
verbs (exist in both languages):
Non-predicative verbs exist in both languages, but their types partially match. 
Infinitive (exist in both languages): to write , to speak―ezmoq (to write), gapirmoq (to 
speak). The English infinitive, unlike the Uzbek one, has a much broader range of 
functions. In the modern Uzbek language, action names are used instead of the 
infinitive. 
And so, in grammar, when classifying a verb, one should proceed from the 
connection between grammar and vocabulary. Of the 26 grammatically relevant verb 
types, 15 exist in both languages, 8 only in English, 3 only in Uzbek. Some of the 
similar types of the verb differ in the degree of grammatical relevance, meanings, forms 
and uses. 

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