Postgraduate education
Master's, PhD course
Higher education (Bachelor)
Institutes, universities and academies
Secondary education
Secondary schools, lyceums, gymnasiums, prof.
high schools, colleges
Early Childhood Care and Education
(Kindergarten, Family, 0 class secondary
school)
Fig. 1. Kazakhstan's education system.
One of the national priorities of the country is a further development of the state language
in secondary education.
Has been a steady expansion of the network of schools in the Kazakh language. Over the
period of the program, their number increased to 105 units: with 3716 units in the 2005-2006
school year to 3,821 in the 2010-2011 academic year.
As of January 1, 2011, training in the Kazakh language implemented in 5918 schools with
Kazakh and mixed languages of instruction, which is 78.7% of all schools in the country (in
2005 - 5789 in the schools (73.4%)).
From year to year the number of students enrolled in the Kazakh language. The official
language study 63% of the children of school in the 2005-2006 school year, the figure was
57.4%.
The number of children of the Kazakh nationality students in their native language. In the
2010-2011 academic year, an increase of 85.3% of the total number of children of the Kazakh
nationality against 80.8% in 2005.
State language is taught in all educational institutions of the republic. In preschools
Russian schools children from the age of four, studying the Kazakh language for 2 hours per
week, and five or six years old children - 3 hours.
Since 2007, increased the number of hours devoted to the study of the Kazakh language
in grades 1-11 schools with non-Kazakh language of instruction, 2 hours per week - up to 4
hours in the junior and senior levels, up to 5 hours in the basic school.
Starting in 2007, annually in grades nine schools with Russian language of instruction is
held the intermediate state control on the Kazakh language.
According to Art. 9, "The language of instruction and education" of the Law "On
Education" Kazakh language as the state in 2008 on the list of compulsory subjects of national
testing scheme.
Approved leveling curriculum development language, based on the European standard
language skills (MES order dated July 9, 2010 № 367). The conceptual basis of these training
programs is a system of language levels, developed in the document of the Council of Europe
"Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment."
Since the 2009-2010 school year in the 5-11 grades schools with Uzbek, Uighur and
Tajik languages of instruction was introduced to study the program of the Kazakh language
schools in the Kazakh language [5].
Developed a national system of assessing the level of national language - KAZTEST. The
principle of the system is similar to international systems as TOEFL, IELTS, TORFL, DALF, etc.
Approved five state standards defining requirements for the communicative competence
of the Kazakh language.
First KAZTEST system used to estimate the level of the Kazakh language contenders
international scholarship "Bolashak" President of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the scientific
training abroad.
The present educational system supported by such documents of a strategic nature, the
law "On Education" (1999), the State Program "Education" (2000), "Education Development
Strategy to 2010" (2001), "The State Program Education Development for 2005-2010. "(2004)
and" State Program of Education Development for 2005-2010. ". The main purpose is to ensure
the modernization of the qualitative transformation of the education system of Kazakhstan in a
market economy in the light of globalization. Speaking of globalization, means a single
international standard, in this case, the standard of education [6].
In addition, in our country the conditions for study abroad, which is implemented through
the program Bolashak. "One of the major trends in the development of education are issues of
international cooperation, whose main task is to integrate the education system of Kazakhstan
into the world educational space. International cooperation in the field of education is governed
by the legislation of Kazakhstan and is based on international agreements, treaties and
conventions. Taking the global standard of education reform, it is necessary to use the
experience of industrialized countries, have long recognized the role of education in the
development of the state.
International scholarship Bolashak established November 5, 1993 by President of
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. The basis of this initiative was the idea of promoting young
talent into getting a quality education abroad. In the period from 1994 to 2009 under the
Bolashak was awarded 1,900 scholarships.
Bolashak program was a way of guaranteeing the successful careers of its graduates. I am
deeply convinced that the "Bolashak" should be one of our most important "breakthrough
projects" - said N. Nazarbayev. This is demonstrated by the fact that many graduates of Bolashak
occupy positions of responsibility in the public service and international organizations and, thus,
contribute to the development of the state.
Starting in 2005, a competition for the international scholarship of the President of the
Republic of Kazakhstan "Bolashak" carries JSC "Center for International Programs."
The list of countries for study abroad program Bolashak includes such countries as the
U.S., UK, Germany, Russia, Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Italy, Canada, China,
France, Czech Republic, Sweden, Switzerland, Japan, etc [7].
This year has been declared the intention of reforming the program. "Bolashak" program
as a social project attracted the close attention of the public. Parents and scholars have repeatedly
expressed the need to reform the program, because it does not meet the requirements of modern
times.
Thus, the list of priority specialties do not fully reflect the real human needs of the labor
market and the development priorities of Kazakhstan, there is a regional disparity among
competitors, and the effectiveness of the International Programs Center fell. Given the situation,
the new leadership of the center together with the Ministry of Education and Science plans to
build a new, point-and command-target system selection, training and employment of fellows [8].
Strategic initiative of the head of state - "Bolashak" program - this year 20 years old.
In addition to this it is necessary to say a few words about the Nazarbayev University.
This is a university in Astana, the open by the President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Nursultan Nazarbayev has given his consent to the University was named after him. Begun to
accept its first students in September 2010.
University to become a national brand of Kazakhstan higher education, combining the
advantages of the national education system and the best international scientific and educational
practice. This is the first university in Kazakhstan, operating in accordance with international
academic standards and guided by the principles of autonomy and academic freedom. Academic
and research programs of the Nazarbayev University developed in collaboration with leading
universities that are in the ranking of the top 30 universities in the world. The governing bodies
of the University are the Executive Board, Supervisory Board and the Supreme Board of
Trustees. Chairman of the Supreme Board of Trustees is the President of the Republic of
Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev.
Autumn of 2010, the University accepted its first students in the training program
«Foundation» .15 June 2011 changed the legal status of the University, and was called
"Autonomous Educational Organization" Nazarbayev University ". University operates its own
educational standards and is administered by the Ministry of Education and Science . of the
university is governed by a special law of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 19 January 2011
"On the status of" Nazarbayev University "," Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools "and" Nazarbayev
Fund " [9].
In general, summing up, I would like to note that the policy in education was diverse and
varied. Education reform in Kazakhstan, as well as, perhaps, in any state, depended and depends
on policy, the needs of society, the specific leaders. If we consider the process of formation of
the system of education in the 1913-2013 years., It should be noted that there were positive
aspects (eradication of illiteracy, the construction of educational facilities, the opening of the first
institutions of higher education, the creation of the Academy of Sciences of Kazakhstan - as a
center of scientific life, and changes in the period of independence, the creation of "Bolashak"
program, the proliferation of educational institutions, especially the Kazakh-speaking, the
opening of "Nazarbayev University" which aims to become the leader of the national education
system) and were negative points (transitions to Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet, the instability and
ambiguity of Khrushchev's reforms, the ineffectiveness of the reforms 60 - ies aimed at obtaining
employment periods before to enter higher education institutions, school closures in the Kazakh
language, the economic problems of 90-ies., brain drain in the first years of independent
Kazakhstan).
When viewed from the perspective of postmodernism, one of the tenets of this trend in
science sees history as a change of cultural periods, then the period under review, reflect just did
this approach. Indeed it is different from each other, cultural era. It should be noted that
generations of Kazakhs, who were educated in different periods are different quality of the
knowledge, belief system and outlook, the mentality, etc.
At the present stage of Kazakhstan creates its education system, absorbing the best
aspects of the education system of the East and the West, seeks to get into elite educational space,
retaining a particle ethnopedagogics and ethnic psychology, successfully combine these features
with the requirements of the XXI century innovation.
REFERENCES:
1. Kuzembayuly A., Abil E. History of Kazakhstan: A Textbook for high schools. /
Kostanay: Kostanai Regional Institute of Historical Research, 2006.-350 p.
2. Kanafina J. In the transition to the Latin alphabet in the Kazakh remain 31 letters
instead of 42 Permanent Internet resource http://news.nur.kz/251518.html
3. Sivokhin IP, Dulatov BK Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of
education and science. / Republic of Kazakhstan: 20 years of success and creativity. Materials
mobile scientific conferences dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the independence of
Kazakhstan, Kostanay, 2011. - 215 p.
4. The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated 30 August 1995.
5. Information on the outcome of the State Program of Education Development in the
Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-2010.
6. The State Program of Education Development in the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2005-
2010. Astana, 2004
7. King of D. The education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Permanent address of
an Internet resource: http://charko.narod.ru
8. Bolashak - emphasis on master's and PhD. Permanent address of an Internet resource:
http://www.kazpravda.kz/k/1152078625/2006-06-15
9.
Nazarbayev
University.
Online
encyclopedia
Wikipedia:
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Назарбаев_Университет
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