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№ 1(134)/2021
Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы Еуразия ұлттық университетінің ХАБАРШЫСЫ.
Педагогика. Психология. Әлеуметтану сериясы
ISSN: 2616-6895, eISSN: 2663-2497
flexibility and linguistic competence at the CLIL
classroom. The schools implemented the CLIL are
modern, and their educators are promoters of an
international way of life. Alcaraz-Mármol studied
60 in-service primary school educators towards
CLIL, comparing the attitudes of teachers who
had either received the CLIL training or who had
not. The results reveal several clear differences,
that the CLIL-trained teachers included more
diverse resources and activities in their classes
while the teachers without CLIL training had less
variety [9;40]. Additionally, studying subjects in
a second language or foreign language open the
door for academic mobility: students obtaining
educational training in English have greater
opportunities to continue their studies in other
European and non-European universities [10;
83].
To conclude, with regards to the beneficial
results of the implementation of the CLIL
program, Coyle points out that the CLIL
methods have the potential for “providing
opportunities involving problem-solving, risk-
taking, confidence building, communication
skills, extending vocabulary, self-expression and
spontaneous talk” [11;2]. The CLIL approach
helps produce life-long learners who study
the world, are motivated toward that learning,
and who have the self-confidence to be strong
communicators and collaborators in the real
world. These beneficial results may clarify why
the CLIL approach is supported in Europe in other
countries. In most European countries such as
the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Germany,
Estonia, Bulgaria, Poland, and Romania, the CLIL
is applied at primary and secondary education
and other countries as Belgium, Italy, Spain,
Finland, Wales, Scotland, Poland and Romania,
activities in a second language are organized
from pre-primary education. In Kazakhstan,
teachers face many problems in implementing the
CLIL in teaching as insufficient content teacher’s
knowledge about the CLIL, their low English
level and material support. For example, teachers
face in content-language integrated lessons in
NIS schools included the low proficiency in the
foreign language of students, vocabulary, and the
lack of teaching materials was revealed. Teachers
experience several challenges in using the CLIL,
such as low English proficiency of some local
teachers and students, the lack of joint seminars
and CLIL materials, and the lack of collaboration
between team teachers. Some of the challenges
are addressed by applying differentiation,
scaffolding strategies, and tutoring [12;15]. In
regular schools, problems teachers faced in
the CLIL classroom consist of the language
proficiency of not only students but also some
subject teachers or content teachers, they need
help on applying the CLIL approach in classroom
and scaffolding in CLIL, language knowledge.
Subject teachers in regular schools need teaching
materials and some training courses on the CLIL
approach. Subject teachers in regular school have
a short training courses (one or two weeks) at the
national center of improvement qualifications
ORLEU, but it is not covered all the needs of the
teacher. Many possible problems we have on the
CLIL implementation such as a high level of time
consumption for preparation of the instructional
material; learners and educators have a limited
level of foreign language knowledge and not
enough the CLIL method knowledge, therefore
it is required to prepare the CLIL teachers in
tertiary education with competencies identified
by Marsh, Maltjers and Hartiala [13;2]:
1. Language/Communication
• sufficient target language knowledge and
pragmatic skills for CLIL.
• sufficient knowledge of language used.
2. Theory
• comprehension of the differences and
similarities between the concepts of language
learning and language acquisition.
3. Methodology
• ability to define linguistic difficulties.
• ability to use communication/interaction
methods that facilitate the understanding of
meaning.
• ability to use strategies for correction and
modeling good language usage.
• ability to use dual-focused activities which
simultaneously cater for language and science
aspects.
Implementing CLIL in teaching and teacher’s readiness to CLIL
47
№ 1(134)/2021
ВЕСТНИК Евразийского национального университета имени Л.Н. Гумилева.
Серия Педагогика. Психология. Социология
BULLETIN of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociology Series
4.
The learning environment
• ability to work with learners of diverse
linguistic/cultural backgrounds.
5. Development
of the teaching materials
• ability to adapt and exploit materials.
• ability to select complementary materials on
a given topic.
6. Assessment
• ability to develop and implement evaluation
and assessment tools. Coonan (1998) outlines the
characteristics of educators of CLIL as follows:
• educators of CLIL learn to develop and to
use methodological approaches adapted to the
specific
CLIL learning context;
• educators of CLIL become more aware of
the language features and non-language features;
• educators of CLIL become more responsible
for language
learning and development;
• educators of CLIL learn to understand the
importance of content in the language processing;
• educators of CLIL learn how to cooperate
with
other teachers and schools
The CLIL approach is also the result of a
combination of four principles known as the
4Cs Framework conceived by Coyle (as cited in
Guillamón & Renau, 2015). Thus, a successfully
implemented CLIL lesson should combine:
• Content: referring to the auspicious
acquisition of knowledge of a content subject.
• Cognition: concerning the mental processes
occuring in the integration of both language and
concept learning.
• Communication: regarding the use of the
vehicular language and its proper establishment
in the subject lessons at the hands of the learner.
• Culture: regarding as an important part
of the CLIL approach. Students should have
knowledge of the culture and history of both
languages.
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