Органы речи и их деятельность при возникновении звуков

Органы речи и их деятельность при возникновении звуков

Классификация английских согласных звуков Аспирация. Палатализация

Ассимиляция. Редукция

Звук [h] и его отсутствие

Аллофоны в связной речи

Изменение согласных звуков в связной речи

Классификация английских гласных звуков. Редукция

Качественная редукция. Слабые формы

Сильные и слабые формы слов

Понятие слога. Сильные и слабые гласные

Особенности слогоделения в английском языке

Словесное ударение

Ударение в двусложных словах

Уважение в многосложных словах. Ударение приставок и суффиксов

Ударение в составных словах

Основные принципы ударения.

Ритм.

Предложения со всеми ударными словами

Неударные слова

Ударные слова

Ударение артиклей, союзов

понятие о фразовом ударении.

Логическое ударение

Синтагматическое ударение

THE ORGANS OF SPEECH AND THEIR WORK

I n any language people speak using their organs of speech.

The air stream released by the lungs goes through the windpipe and comes to the larynx, which contains the vocal cords. The vocal cords are two elastic folds, which may be kept apart or brought together. The opening between them is called the glottis. This is the usual state of the vocal cords, when we breathe out. If the tense vocal cords are brought together, the air stream forcing an opening makes them vibrate and we hear some voice. The sounds produced are called voiced. When no vibration is felt, no voice is heard. This is a voiceless sound, which is made with the vocal cords kept apart.
There is one more state of the vocal cords, which results in the glottal stop. When the vocal cords are brought close together and then opened suddenly by the air stream there comes a sort of coughing noise, a kind of click of the vocal cords. This is called the glottal stop.
On coming out of the larynx the air stream passes through the pharynx.
The pharyngeal cavity extends from the top of the larynx to the soft palate, which directs the air stream either to the mouth or nasal cavities, which function as the principal resonators.
The soft palate can be easily seen in a hand mirror. The very end of the soft palate is known as the uvula. The soft palate is the furthest part of the palate from the teeth. Most of the palate is hard. This hard part of the palate is divided into two sections: the hard palate and the teeth ridge or alveolar ridge.
The teeth, which are very important for making sounds, can be lower and upper.
The most important organ of speech is the tongue. Phoneticians divide the tongue into four sections, the part which lies opposite the soft palate is called the back of the tongue, the part facing the hard palate is called the front, the one lying under the teeth ridge is known as the blade and its extremely the tip. By the central part of the tongue we mean the area where the front and back meet. The edges of the tongue are known as the rims.
The lips can take up various positions as well. They can be brought firmly together or kept apart neutral, rounded, or protruded.
All the organs of speech can be divided into two groups:

1.