Тҥйін:
Бул мақалада ағылшын етістік лексикасы септік рольдерінің бӛліну заңдылықтарын
айтылады
Summary:
In article is told about regularities of distribution of case roles of the English verbal lexicon
Использованная литература
1.
Ч. Филлмор Классификация падежных ролей в современном английском языке – с. 156
2.
Матросова, И. А. Семантика глаголов melt и cook: падежно-ролевой анализ Иркутск, 2009. – с.
105 – 110.
3.
Матросова, И. А. Проблема классификации падежных ролей в современном английском языке
Уфа, 2010. с. 351 – 355.
4.
Матросова, И. А. Некоторые семантико-синтаксические особенности глагола melt в
современном английском языке Челябинск, 2008. – с. 323 – 328.
5.
Матросова, И. А. Проблема классификации семантических ролей в падежной грамматике
Новосибирск, 2009. – с. 148 – 160.
УДК 37.017:825.112=161.1:001.95
MOTIVATION TO LEARN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN KAZAKHSTAN
6М011900 «Шетел тілі: екі шетел тілі» Турлыбеков Еркін Балғабайҧлы
Бекдуалиева А.
АӘИУ, Шымкент қ. ҚР
As you help students find their motivation, feed it through targeted tasks. For
instance, offer a project that involves interviewing the grandparent in his/her native (and
the student’s second) language. Be aware, however, that motivation will vary in intensity
class-to-class, so be prepared to take advantage of high points and offer encouragement
during lower ones.
Facilitate student interaction. While you have an essential role as the teacher, the
students in the class can also be critical to each other’s ability to learn a new language.
Learner-to-learner interaction tends to help both parties ―notice the gap‖ between their
communication in the language and the proper form.
[4]
Offering learner-to-learner tasks, such as having one student describe a picture in the
foreign language to another, who must draw it, can not only be fun but helpful in enabling
students to work through gaps in their comprehension.
While such tasks need not replace more traditional methods of teaching vocabulary
and grammar, this more indirect method of teaching the ―nuts and bolts‖ of a new
language does seem to be at least as effective at instilling them in the long run.
Build vocabulary directly and ―incidentally.‖ It is estimated that an adult needs to
understand about 3,000 word families (think, thought, and thoughtful are in one word
family, for instance) to be able to understand a foreign language from context.
Traditional vocabulary-building methods, like memorization, drills, and tables, can
still be utilized in the classroom with success. However, simply encouraging students to
read level-appropriate and interesting passages, both in class and at home, can be an
effective strategy.
This is especially true when the readings are combined with vocabulary-building
activities. Games like Bingo, Password, and Concentration can facilitate ―active meaning
negotiation,‖ where task-oriented problem solving helps build an ―incidental vocabulary‖
— almost, in essence, picking up new words without realizing it.
There are as many ideal ways to learn a new language as there are people wanting to
do it. Some even say that foreign languages cannot be taught, but only learned, implying
that each learner’s unique motivations and skills must be prioritized.
[6]
Each time you teach a new student or new class, then, your methods will likely need
to adjust in order to have the most impact. Be flexible and willing to work with your adult
learners, while drawing from a range of theories, strategies, and practical advice.
Compare classic and modern approaches. Whether you learned a second language by
drills, flashcards, and rote repetition, or by plopping yourself down in a foreign country for
the summer, there is likely a language theory that matches your method. Familiarity with
the bases of such approaches will help you formulate your teaching strategy for adults.
From the time of ancient Greece to well into the last century, new languages were
almost invariably taught by what is often called the ―audio-lingual method.‖ If your high
school French class involved a lot of rote learning, repetition, oral and written testing,
emphases on grammar and translation, and constant correction by your teacher, you’re
already familiar with this method.
In the last half-century or so, a more (so-called) ―natural approach‖ has become
predominant. It tries to replicate the childhood process of acquiring a language through
immersion, play and tasks, constant usage in a low-pressure environment, and indirect
emphases on grammar and vocabulary.
See the pros and possible cons of newer views. Modern ―natural‖ or ―immersion‖
methods encourage learners to jump right in to the foreign language without the drudgery
of vocabulary lists, grammar lessons, and constant repetition. Therefore, they are often a
more appealing prospect to harried, hurried adult learners.
Such task-based methods are based on the premise that students will naturally ―work
out‖ vocabulary and grammar as they interact with the language (and the other students).
The struggle to do so, essentially, is part of the learning process.
Critics, however, say that this leaves too much vital material for the student to
address on his or her own, and that the teacher’s guiding hand in areas like grammar is
vital, even if it can sometimes be less than enthralling.
Don’t ignore traditional methods. Despite the reputation they’ve assumed as
―boring,‖ ―sterile,‖ and ―outdated,‖ there is a reason why classic approaches were used
almost exclusively for thousands of years. Even in the modern world, they can still have a
place in the language classroom.
The ―audio-lingual‖ emphasis on habit formation, mimicry, memorization, and
repetition can provide a clearer sense of the goals, processes, and achievements for some
students. Likewise, a focus on grammar and translation, guided in the first language, can
build essential skills that some adult learners may be keen to acquire.
That said, for many adults, traditional methods will feel too much like being back in
school as children, and can dissuade them from continuing the process with enthusiasm.
This is why variety and flexibility in your teaching methods are essential.
For all the value in understanding theories, learning happens in practice — and
usually, through practice. Simply put, teaching an adult a foreign language requires not
only your mastery of the language as a teacher, but also a clear understanding of your
student’s background, motivation, goals, learning style, and needs.
Holding fast to traditional methods simply because they have been in use for
centuries is usually not the answer, nor is tossing all the old ways aside for the new vogue
in language education. It is up to you, the teacher, to determine the mix that will work best
for your classroom and your student(s).
In an increasingly interdependent world, knowledge of foreign languages is seen not
only as an added advantage which has become crucial in accessing foreign technology but
also is systematically associated with one’s meaningful and constructive engagement in
politics, security, global trade and education. It has become an economic commodity. In
order to participate in the global economy, one has to be adequately equipped with the
ability, knowledge, skills, and attitudes to understand and communicate effectively.
Consistently, educational leaders have been emphasizing the need to foster foreign
language competency among students.
The Department of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan has been
funding periodic nation-wide surveys since 1999 to gauge the development of foreign
language programs across institutions of higher education. They reported that successful
foreign language programs shared several common features, including (a) an early start for
students to learn the languages, (b) a coherent teaching and learning framework, (c) strong
leadership, (d) the status of the foreign language as a core subject, (e) rigorous teacher
education, (f) integration of the foreign language within content domain, and (g) creative
use of technology. In addition, general awareness and recognition of economic, social,
cultural, scientific and religious aspects also underscore the features of an effective foreign
language curriculum.
The National Council of Foreign Languages (2009) summarizes six significant
studies and reports over the past twenty years on the increasing need for students to be
proficient in at least two languages. Among others the reports highlighted that:
1. foreign language education is ranked at the same level as the basic academic fields
such as English, mathematics, computer science, social studies, and the natural sciences.
2. learning to speak a second language is no longer reserved for the elite. Having a
citizenry that is proficient in more than one language is now a matter of the nation’s
security.
3. higher education should require competency in a foreign language as an admission
requirement.
4. one way to raise standards in education is to produce fluent foreign language
graduates by teaching foreign languages in elementary schools, and then in middle schools
and high schools.
5. knowledge of foreign languages is one of the most important skills that students
will need to develop to prosper in the 21st century.
Issues concerning foreign language education captivated discussions in almost all
countries in Asia, Europe and the United States as early as 1992. Such discussions
revolved around many interesting themes ranging from politics, economy, and socio-
cultural factors and employing quite a number of dynamic and progressive approaches. In
particular, demand for foreign language education is an anticipated reaction by
government officials, educationists, and public and private institutions of higher learning
as these stakeholders need to keep up with the onslaught of globalization and
decentralization. The core of discussions on foreign language education lies initially in the
issue of proficiency. A nation whose citizens are proficient in foreign languages is bound
to have the distinct advantage of being better-placed to have access to foreign technology
that is crucial to nation-building.
Additionally, knowledge of foreign languages is essential to be able to better
understand a country’s social and cultural peculiarities.
As a multi-racial country in an interdependent world, Kazakhstan is also affected by
the global economic crisis. Employment situation in Kazakhstan necessitates the need for
graduates to acquire employable skills including proficiency in a third language.
According to the National Higher Education ―Proficiency in the third language is vital for
developing human capital that drives the economy as well as gears the country towards
competitive innovation in the international arena,‖ Kazakhstan universities are encouraged
―to provide learning opportunities for students to be proficient in a third language such as
Chinese, English, Japanese, French or Spanish‖. Furthermore, the third language will
allow graduates not only to get access to the latest technology and information but also to
get an added advantage in an increasingly multicultural and diverse work environment
where more opportunities are opened to a workforce that is competent in several
languages. The importance of foreign languages in a borderless world is more evident
when nation building is highly dependent on the acquisition and transfer of foreign
technology. As a developing country, Kazakhstan has set up the International Languages
Teacher Training Institute to provide training courses in foreign languages for Kazakhstan
teachers and foreign students especially from other countries.
Резюме
В статье рассматриваются мотивация обучения иностранного языка в Казахстане
Bibliography:
1. Beder, H. "Teaching in Adult Literacy Education: Learner-Centered Intentions, Teacher-Directed
Instruction." In Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Adult Education Research Conference, June 1-3,
2001, edited by R. O. Smith et al. East Lansing: Michigan State University, 2001
2. Beitler, M. A. "Mid-Career Adults in Self-Directed and Teacher-Directed Learning." Paper presented at
the World Conference on Self-Directed Learning, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, September 14-17, 1997.
(ED 426 218)
3. Cervero, R. M., and Wilson, A. L. "Beyond Learner-Centered Practice: Adult Education, Power, and
Society." Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education 13, no. 2 (November 1999): 27-38.
4. Courtney, S.; Vasa, S.; Luo, J.; and Muggy, V. "Characteristics of Adults as Learners and Implications
for Computer-Based Systems for Information and Instruction." 1999. (ED 451 340)
5. Donaldson, J. F.; Flannery, D. D.; and Ross-Gordon, J. M. "A Triangulated Study Comparing Adult
College Students' Perceptions of Effective Teaching with Those of Traditional Students." Continuing
Higher Education Review 57, no. 3 (Fall 1993): 147-165.
6. Draper, J. A. "The Metamorphoses of 'Andragogy.'" Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult
Education 12, no. 1 (May 1998): 3-26.
7. Guffey, J. S., and Rampp, L. C. "Learning in 21st Century Public Schools: Andragogy as a Catalyst for
Praxis." 1997. (ED 417 189)
TEACHING FOREIGN DIALOGIC SPEECH TO STUDENTS OF
LINGUISTIC HIGHER EDUCATION ESTABLISHMENT
Есенәлиева Жәудір Ержанқызы 6М011900 «Шетел тілі: екі шетел тілі»
магистранты Бекдуалиева А.К.
АӘИУ, Шымкент қ, ҚР
The graduate of profile higher education institution has to be the expert able to
communicate in a foreign language, especially in the professional sphere. The professional
focused training demands considerable efforts from the teacher during the work with
terminology of that field of activity in which the trainee after the termination of higher
education institution will be engaged. The created language personality, and result of such
education in not language higher education institution – the professional language
personality as an indicator of ability of the expert to take full part in professional
communication has to be result of any foreign-language education. Modern requirements
to education cause orientation to the identity of the experts of the integrated type owning
organizational and communicative skills, having system thinking and high professional
culture. The role of training in speech communication in which speaking plays a
paramount role and one of the main forms of which is the dialogical speech, it is difficult
to overestimate. However speaking skills, as well as any other, aren't formed by itself, for
this purpose it is necessary to use special exercises and tasks. Formation of the thesaurus
of future experts is carried out through training in work with terminology. How to teach
the student to effective and system assimilation of terms? Direct training in concepts is
actually impossible and pedagogically fruitless. The teacher trying to go this way usually
doesn't reach anything, except the empty assimilation of the words, the naked verbalisms
which is feigning and which is imitating existence of the corresponding concepts, and
actually covering emptiness. Terms are, first, means of verbalization of scientific concept
and, secondly, means of scientific knowledge. Successfully and qualitatively to be able to
communicate in language, each student has to possess a certain lexicon on concrete
disciplines. Moreover, he has to have profound and broad knowledge on the specialty. On
classes in a foreign language in not language higher education institution teachers face a
number of difficulties by preparation and carrying out training sessions to speaking. In
methodical literature allocate several types of difficulties. We will consider in more detail
those which potentially interfere with successful speaking in a foreign language. The most
widespread problem is fear to make a mistake. The second problem can be connected with
the fact that the student has nothing to tell on the discussed subject, or he lacks language or
speech means. In this situation it is necessary to offer substantial, language and speech
support. The third complexity can be that students don't understand a speech task. We will
consider grade levels to dialogue on a concrete example. On one of occupations the
following role-playing game has been offered students. Work in two groups. You are
going to issue a scientific edition of а newspaper devoted to environmental engineering.
The project for discussion in this newspaper is the first vertical forest park. Having
combined ecology, design and architecture, engineers decided to equip the walls of the
buildings with live trees. One group is for and the other is against the project. It has
several stages. Discuss the possibility of the following:
- to plant trees on every 6th floor of a new 35-storey building;
to grow trees up to 10 meters high;
to plant trees in special deep boxes to form roots;
to improve the exterior of the building with the help of trees;
to clean the air and provide needed shade on hot days;
to establish a special reflective glass to accumulate and store solar energy for
trees;
to capture and accumulate rainwater to water the ―air gardens with the help of
drain sewage system;
to install a temperatures support system in every garden, which pumps water only
to six floors, three floors
above and three floors below;
to minimize the loss of water heating and cooling with the help of a short pipeline
system;
to build offices, shops and 154 apartments.
Unfortunately, students couldn't cope with the offered task. Having analyzed the
reasons of the difficulties which have arisen when performing a task, we have come to a
conclusion that students lack skills of pair work, language and speech means, abilities to
logically build arguments. At students gaps of information character are observed.
Therefore, those students could perform the offered task, at them it is necessary to create
skills of the dialogical speech. Training in dialogue in not language higher education
institution needs to be carried out in several steps. At the first stage it is necessary to set
specific goals for students. The purpose of training of students in a dialogical form of
communication consists in formation at them language skills and communicative abilities,
abilities is logically true, reasoned and to clearly build the oral statement in a foreign
language in a professional context. For the solution of this task the teacher needs to
understand clearly what kind of dialogue he would like to receive as a result; in advance to
formulate speech installation and to try to make it accurate and laconic. To make a task
more clear for students, if necessary it is possible to prepare additional support in the form
of cards, illustrations, schemes, descriptions of roles of alleged dialogue, and for that is го
that all students had as much as possible opportunities and time for communication in a
foreign language in audience, it is necessary: it is wider to use group and pair operating
modes; to create game situations where the level of motivation is rather high and even if
one person speaks, then the others aren't switched off from a general regime of work and
perform other speech operations: listen, write down etc. At the second grade level of the
dialogical speech the special attention should be paid to such main characteristics of
dialogue as reactivity and a situation. Reactivity causes objective difficulties of mastering
communication skills in a foreign language. When training in dialogue training in
spontaneous response to the partner's remarks, and also to ability to realize speech
functions by means of various language and speech means is of great importance. The
situation defines motive of speaking which, in turn, is a source of generation of the speech.
It makes an essence and predetermines logic of this form of communication. Therefore,
one more group of difficulties when training in dialogue is connected with the main
characteristics of dialogue. Forming skills of the dialogical speech at students, the teacher
needs to act step by step. First, it is necessary to define a situation of dialogical
communication within the studied subject (for example: "On interview"; "Organization of
a meeting"; "Organization of an exhibition"). Secondly, it is necessary to analyze the
training materials corresponding to age and level of proficiency in language of the students
to choose or make dialogues samples with use of speech clichés, typical for this situation,
communication models. The following stage can be characterized as preparatory when the
teacher acquaints students with new terms and speech structures. generations of the
speech. Students perform tasks for working off of lexicon on a subject. Besides, there are
certain techniques of training in special lexicon. Terms can be entered or thematically, or
in a context and to be fulfilled by means of tasks which promote their storing. If there is a
need, it is possible to read dialogue example (to play recording of dialogue), to comment
on extra linguistic features of speech communication within this situation. Ways reception
of training it is possible to consider working off of similar standard dialogues. For this
purpose it is necessary to think over use of verbal and nonverbal support for specific
students, to designate couples of interrogated students and to define sequence of their poll.
At the final stage it is necessary to formulate speech installation for creative dialogues on
the studied subject, for example: Work in two groups. One group is made of plant
superintendents who are worried about machinery maintenance. The other one consists of
workers maintaining and repairing factory equipment. Discuss the possibility of the
following: safety of work equipment depends on installation conditions, it should be
inspected after installation
and before first use, and after reassembly at any new site /
location; suitable intervals, where work equipment is exposed to conditions causing
deterioration liable to result
in dangerous situations; each time exceptional
circumstances (e.g. major modifications, known or suspected serious damage, substantial
change in the nature of use) are liable to have jeopardized the safety of the work
equipment; operating environment (e.g. the effect of temperature, corrosion,
weathering);
user knowledge and experience;
risk to health and safety from any
foreseeable failure or malfunction;
management issues, including safe systems of work,
supervision, monitoring;
personnel competence (training, skill, awareness and
knowledge of risk).
It is necessary to pay attention that, performing these tasks, trainees get acquainted
with new I rubbed - mines in the specialty, fulfill speech models and a cliché, and also
standard features of speech behavior in a concrete speech situation. Besides formation of
skills of the dialogical speech, it is necessary to control and estimate them also. It is
necessary to involve for this purpose various forms and types of control. At control of
formation of skills of oral speech the prepared houses dialogues and unprepared dialogues
which the teacher suggests to make on occupation are usually estimated. We will consider
the most important provisions of total control of formation of skills of speaking –
monological and dialogical. The teacher has to define subject and a format of control in
advance. Already training in speaking has to be based taking into account requirements of
total control, and training exercises have to model the tasks similar to that which are used
for total control. Thus, when training students of the dialogical speech it is necessary to
pay attention to the main difficulties of speech communication and ability of the teacher it
is correct to estimate
the skills created in educational process.
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