Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»
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| UNIT 4. ENGLISH IN AUSTRALIA
§ 1. First penetration of English into the territory of Australia The story of Australian English starts with Captain James Cook‟s glossary of local words used in negotiations with the Endeavour River tribes. Among the words in the glossary there were such realia as kangaroo (1770) and the like. The Aboriginal vocabulary is one of the trademarks of Australian English, including jumbuck (a sheep), corroboree (an assembly), boomerang (a curved throwing stick) and others. The number of Aboriginal words in Australian English is quite small and is confined mainly to the naming of plants (like bindieye and calombo), trees (like boree and malee ), birds (like kookaburra and currawong ), animals (like wallaby and wombat ) and fish (like baramindi ). As in the USA, the Aboriginal influence is much greater when it comes to place- names: about a third of all Australian place-names are Aboriginal. The English language began its vast penetration into the territory of Australia in late 18 th century, shortly after the foundation of the Australian penal colony of New South Wales in 1788. Australia of that time was often called „jail on a large scale‟ as a lot of British convicts were sent there. They came mostly from large English cities. Among them there were also many Cockneys from London. A large part of the convict body was represented by the Irish, with at least 25% directly from Ireland, and others indirectly via Britain. There were other populations of convicts from non- English speaking areas of Britain, such Wales and Scotland. All of them spoke local or social dialects. The dominant English input at that time, as it turned out later, was that of Cockney from South-East England. Among those who came to Australia in the first decades of colonization there were also those who spoke Standard English: military personnel, high-rank officials, administrators, missionaries, etc. Yet, they were few and, consequently, at least in the oral form, at the early stage of the development of the Australian variant Standard English was rarely used. Such social conditions, absence of national literature, mixture of various dialects and forms, could not contribute much to the spread of Standard English. 154 The transportation of convicts to Australia ended in 1868, but immigration of free settlers from Britain, Ireland and elsewhere did not stop. жүктеу/скачать 1,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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