Материалы и методы: В данном исследовании рассмотрены уровни самоубийств в
возрастных группах в зависимости от пола, на территории Южной Кореи и Японии в 2009, 2012
годах, в этом исследовании рассчитано отношение числа самоубийств в Южной Корее к уровню
самоубийств в Японии. На основе суицидальных тенденций, которые были отмечены, в
настоящем исследовании, были разработаны конкретные меры по предотвращению самоубийств
для двух стран.
Результаты и выводы: Отношение числа самоубийств в Южной Корее, к уровню
самоубийств в Японии было равно или больше 1, для обоих полов во всех возрастных группах
среди мужчин в возрасте 15-24 лет в 2009, 2012 годах, за исключением и для физических лиц в
возрасте 25-34 в 2009 году. Южная Корея нуждается в реализации более эффективных мер по
предотвращению самоубийств среди мужчин и женщин во всех возрастных группах (молодых,
среднего возраста и пожилых людей), в том числе необходимо незамедлительно принять меры
по предотвращению самоубийств среди пожилых людей. Япония должна осуществлять более
эффективные меры по предотвращению самоубийств среди мужчин в возрасте 15-24 лет.
Незамедлительно должны быть разработаны меры по предотвращению суицида для возрастных
групп риска, а так же меры направленные на работу с конкретными мотивами для совершения
самоубийства. Реализация мер по предотвращению самоубийств в обществе, имеет решающее
значение. Япония и ряд других стран должны стремиться разработать конкретные меры по
предотвращению самоубийств, основанные на тенденциях самоубийства и результатах
исследований по самоубийству.
Ключевые слова: профилактика самоубийств, общество, последние данные, мир.
Түйіндеме
СУИЦИД СОҢҒЫ ЗЕРТТЕУЛЕР НӘТИЖЕЛЕРІНІҢ
НЕГІЗІНДЕ ОҢТҮСТІК КОРЕЯ МЕН ЖАПОНИЯ АДАМНЫҢ
Ө
ЗІН-ӨЗІ АЛДЫН АЛУ ҮШІН СІЛТЕМЕЛЕР ШАРАЛАР:
КӨЗҚАРАС АЗИЯ ҚАЛҒАН ЖӘНЕ ӘЛЕМДЕГІ АДАМНЫҢ
Ө
ЗІН-ӨЗІ АЛДЫН АЛУ ҮШІН БОЛАШАҚ ШАРАЛАРДЫ
Ә
ЗІРЛЕУ КЕЗІНДЕ ПАЙДАЛАНЫЛУЫ ТИІС
Кен Иное
1
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0710-481X
Найля Чайжунусова
2
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6660-7118
Масахару Хоши
3
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6978-0883
Йошихиро Носо
4
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3477-1260
Нобуо Такейчи
5,6
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-0025
Наргуль Оспанова
7
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2351-5720
Тимур Молдагалиев
7
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2351-5720
Жанат Сарсембина
7
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2351-5720
Original article
Science & Healthcare, 2, 2016
50
Акерке Калиева
8
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-8572
Улжан Джамединова
8
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-8572
Шолпан Чегедекова
8
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-8572
Алуа Шарапиева
8
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-8572
Дина Битебаева
8
,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8235-8572
Толебай К. Рахыпбеков
9
,
http://orcid.org/0000-00039232-1579
1
Гунма
университетінін медицина мектебі, Қоғамдық денсаулық сақтау
департаменті, Гунма, Жапония
;
2
Семей мемлекеттік медицина университеті, Тағамтану және гигиеналық пәндер
кафедрасы, Семей, Қазақстан
;
3
Хиросима университеті, Радиациялық биология және медицина ғылыми
-
зерттеу
институты, Хиросима, Жапония
;
4
Шимани университетінің медицина факультеті, Жалпы медицина департаменті,
Шимани, Жапония
;
5
«Такейчи»
ауруханасы, Хиросима, Жапония
;
6
Шимани
университетінің медицина факультеті, Шимани, Жапония
;
7
Семей мемлекеттік медицина университеті, Неврология, психиатрия және
жұқпалы аурулар кафедрасы, Семей, Қазақстан
;
8
Семей мемлекеттік медицина университеті, Қоғамдық денсаулық сақтау
кафедрасы, Семей, Қазақстан
;
9
Семей мемлекеттік медицина университеті, Семей, Қазақстан
.
Кіріспе: өзін-өзі алдын алу үшін тиімді шараларды әзірлеу және іске асыру бүкіл әлем
үшін маңызды мәселе болып табылады. Оңтүстік Корея мен Жапония әлемдегі ең биік
жанкештілік мөлшерлемесін бар, сондықтан, адамның өзін-өзі алдын алу үшін аса тиімді
шаралары суицид өткен жасы бойынша бөле отырып, осы елдер үшін осы зерттеуге біз
зерттелген.
Материалдар мен әдістер: Бұл есеп 2012 жыл, 2009 жылы Оңтүстік Корея мен Жапония
аумағында, жынысына байланысты, жас топтарында суицид деңгейі қарайды. Осы зерттеуде
Жапонияда суицид деңгейіне Оңтүстік Кореяның суицид санының арақатынасы есептелген.
Қазіргі зерттеуде байқалады суицидтік негізінде, екі ел үшін өзін-өзі алдын алу үшін нақты
шаралар әзірленді.
Результаты и выводы: Жапонияда суицидтің деңгейіне Оңтүстік Кореяның суицид
санының арақатынасы, тең немесе 1 көп, 2009 жылы 15-24 жас аралығындағы ерлер
арасында барлық жас топтарында екі жыныс үшін, 2009 жылы 25-34 жас аралығындағы жеке
тұлғалар үшін қоспағанда 2012 жылдың. Оңтүстік Корея барлық жас топтарының ерлер мен
әйелдер арасында суицидтің алдын неғұрлым тиімді шаралар (жас, орта жастағы және қарт
адамдар) жүзеге асыру қажет, оның ішіндеқарт арасындағы суицидтің алдын алу үшін шұғыл
шаралар қабылдау қажеттілігі. Жапония 15-24 жас аралығындағы ерлер арасындағы
суицидтің алдын алу үшін аса тиімді шараларды жүзеге асыруы керек. Шұғыл шаралар жас
топтары үшін суицид тәуекел алдын алу үшін әзірленген болуы тиіс, сондай-ақ өзін-өзі
жасағаны үшін белгілі бір ниетпен жұмыс істеуге арналған іс-шаралар. Қоғамдастықта суицид
оқиғасы болдырмау үшін шараларды жүзеге асыру, маңызды болып табылады. Жапония
және басқа да елдер суицид зерттеулер бойынша суицид үрдістер мен нәтижелерінің
негізінде, суицидтің алдын алу бойынша нақты шаралар әзірлеу үшін ұмтылуы тиіс.
Түйінді сөздер: суицид алдын алу, қоғам, соңғы деректер, әлем.
Наука и Здравоохранение, 2, 2016
Оригинальные исследования
51
Библиографическая ссылка:
Иное К., Чайжунусова Н., Хоши М., Носо Й., Такейчи Н., Оспанова Н., Молдагалиев Т., Сарсембина Ж.,
Калиева А., Джамединова У., Чегедекова Ш., Шарапиева А., Битебаева Д., Рахыпбеков Т.К.
Рекомендательные меры по предотвращению самоубийств в Южной Корее и Японии на основе последних
результатов исследований суицида: данный подход необходимо использовать при разработке будущих
мер по предотвращению самоубийств на остальной территории Азии и мира / / Наука и Здравоохранение.
2016. №2. С. 47-55.
Inoue K., Chaizhunusova N., Hoshi M., Noso Y., Takeichi N., Ospanova N., Moldagaliev T., Sarsembina Zh.,
Kalieva A., Jamedinova U., Chegedekova Sh., Sharapiyeva A., Bitebayeva D., Rakhypbekov T.K.
Guidelines on
suicide prevention measures for South Korea and Japan based on recent suicide trends: the need to
utilize this approach to devise future suicide prevention measures for the rest of Asia and the rest of the
world
. Nauka i Zdravookhranenie [Science & Healthcare]. 2016, 2, pp. 47-55.
Иное К., Чайжунусова Н., Хоши М., Носо Й., Такейчи Н., Оспанова Н., Молдагалиев Т., Сарсембина Ж.,
Калиева А., Джамединова У., Чегедекова Ш., Шарапиева А., Битебаева Д., Рахыпбеков Т.К. Суицид
соңғы зерттеулер нәтижелерінің негізінде Оңтүстік Корея мен Жапония адамның өзін-өзі алдын алу
үшін сілтемелер шаралар: көзқарас Азия қалған және әлемдегі адамның өзін-өзі алдын алу үшін
болашақ шараларды әзірлеу кезінде пайдаланылуы тиіс / / Ғылым және Денсаулық сақтау. 2016. №2.
Б. 47-55.
Introduction
According to a report by the Cabinet Office,
Government of Japan [1], South Korea has the
second highest suicide rate for both sexes while
Japan has the eighth highest. South Korea has
the third highest suicide rate among males while
Japan has the twelfth highest, and South Korea
has the highest suicide rate among females while
Japan has the third highest. Both countries have
high suicide rates among males and females. I
previously described suicide trends in South
Korea and Japan in 2001 and 2002 [14], and I
noted the need for prompt measures to prevent
suicides by females in South Korea and Japan
based on suicide trends in 2006 [11]. A number of
studies in Japan have cited unemployment as a
potential factor for suicide [9,19,25]. South Korea
is similar to Japan, and a study in South Korea
has indicated that unemployment is a likely factor
for suicide [13]. Studies in both South Korea and
Japan have examined suicide from numerous
perspectives [4,15,16,23]. South Korea and
Japan have some of the world’s highest suicide
rates, so the current study compared recent
suicide rates in the two countries in detail. Based
on those findings, this study has recommended
suicide prevention measures that each country
should promptly implement, and this study has
also suggested age groups that should be the
target of suicide prevention efforts.
Materials and methods
This was descriptive study.
Methods of selection of study participants
We researched official data about suicide rate
in South Korea and Japan without individual
information. We described necessity of suicide
prevention in both countries based on the results.
The current study examined the suicide rate
(per 100,000 population) for each sex by age
group in South Korea and Japan in 2009 and
2012 [6,7,8].
Those age groups were ages 5–14, ages 15–
24, ages 25–34, ages 35–44, ages 45–54, ages
55–64, ages 65–74, and age 75 or over.
However, the suicide rate in South Korea in 2009
was indicated for age groups of ages 5–14, ages
15–24, ages 25–34, ages 35–54, ages 55–74,
and age 75 or over.
This study calculated the ratio of South Korea’s
suicide rate to Japan’s suicide rate (the ratio of
suicide rates was calculated for individuals ages
35–44, ages 45–54, ages 55–64, and ages 65–74
in 2009 as a reference). Based on these findings,
this study discussed age groups in South Korea
and Japan that should be the target of further
suicide prevention efforts and what those efforts
should entail.
This report was study in official data without
individual information.
Results
In 2009, the suicide rate among South Korean
males in all age group was 39.9. The suicide rate
among males ages 5–14 was 1.2, that among
males ages 15–24 was 15.8, that among males
ages 25–34 was 31.3, that among males ages
35–54 was 47.0, that among males ages 55–74
Original article
Science & Healthcare, 2, 2016
52
was 79.5, and that among males age 75 or over
was 173.9. The suicide rate among Japanese
males in all age group was 36.2. The suicide rate
among males ages 5–14 was 0.6, that among
males ages 15–24 was 20.3, that among males
ages 25–34 was 33.3, that among males ages
35–44 was 40.3, that among males ages 45–54
was 53.6, that among males ages 55–64 was
55.1, that among males ages 65–74 was 41.7,
and that among age 75 or over was 42.8.
In 2012, the suicide rate among South Korean
males in all age group was 38.2. The suicide rate
among males ages 5-14 was 1.0, that among
males ages 15–24 was 13.3, that among males
ages 25–34 was 31.9, that among males ages
35–44 was 37.5, that among males ages 45–54
was 48.5, that among males ages 55–64 was
59.1, that among males ages 65–74 was 87.0,
and that among males age 75 or over was 152.5.
The suicide rate among Japanese males in all
age group was 30.1. The suicide rate among
males ages 5–14 was 1.0, that among males
ages 15–24 was 20.9, that among males ages
25–34 was 30.4, that among males ages 35–44
was 32.5, that among males ages 45–54 was
42.5, that among males ages 55–64 was 39.2,
that among males ages 65–74 was 36.0, and that
among males age 75 or over was 39.1.
In 2009, the suicide rate among South Korean
females in all age group was 22.1. The suicide
rate among females ages 5–14 was 1.4, that
among females ages 15–24 was 14.7, that
among females ages 25–34 was 29.2, that
among females ages 35–54 was 21.3, that
among females ages 55–74 was 27.0, and that
among females age 75 or over was 77.2. The
suicide rate among Japanese females in all age
group was 13.2. The suicide rate among females
ages 5–14 was 0.4, that among females ages 15–
24 was 9.8, that among females ages 25–34 was
14.1, that among females ages 35–44 was 13.8,
that among females ages 45–54 was 14.4, that
among females ages 55–64 was 14.8, that
among females ages 65–74 was 17.8, and that
among females age 75 or over was 19.4.
In 2012, the suicide rate among South Korean
females in all age group was 18.0. The suicide
rate among females ages 5–14 was 0.8, that
among females ages 15–24 was 9.4, that among
females ages 25–34 was 20.3, that among
females ages 35–44 was 18.3, that among
females ages 45–54 was 18.2, that among
females ages 55–64 was 16.6, that among
females ages 65–74 was 30.3, and that among
females age 75 or over was 61.4. The suicide
rate among Japanese females in all age group
was 12.3. The suicide rate among females ages
5–14 was 0.4, that among females ages 15–24
was 8.4, that among females ages 25–34 was
13.1, that among females ages 35–44 was 12.0,
that among females ages 45–54 was 14.7, that
among females ages 55–64 was 13.9, that
among females ages 65–74 was 16.7, and that
among females age 75 or over was 17.2.
The ratio of South Korea’s suicide rate among
males to Japan’s suicide rate among males in all
age group in 2009 was 1.10. The ratio of the two
countries’ suicide rates among males ages 5–14
was 2.00, the ratio of the suicide rates among
males ages 15–24 was 0.78, the ratio of the
suicide rates among males ages 25–34 was 0.94,
and the ratio of the suicide rates among males
age 75 or over was 4.06. The ratio of South
Korea's suicide rate among females to Japan's
suicide rate among females in all age group was
1.67. The ratio of the two countries’ suicide rates
among females ages 5-14 was 3.50, the ratio of
the suicide rates among females ages 15–24 was
1.50, the ratio of the suicide rates among females
ages 25–34 was 2.07, and the ratio of the suicide
rates among females age 75 or over was 3.98.
The South Korean suicide rate for individuals
ages 35–54 was broken down into the suicide
rate for individuals ages 35–44 and that for
individuals ages 45–54. The suicide rate for
individuals ages 55–74 was broken down into the
suicide rate for individuals ages 55–64 and that
for individuals ages 65–74. The ratio of South
Korea's suicide rate among males ages 35–44 to
Japan’s suicide rate among the same age group
was 1.17, the ratio of South Korea's suicide rate
among males ages 45–54 to Japan’s suicide rate
among the same age group was 0.88, the ratio of
South Korea’s suicide rate among males ages
55–64 to Japan’s suicide rate among the same
age group was 1.44, and the ratio of South
Korea's suicide rate among males ages 65–74 to
Japan’s suicide rate among the same age group
was 1.91. The ratio of South Korea's suicide rate
among females ages 35–44 to Japan’s suicide
rate among the same age group was 1.54, the
ratio of South Korea’s suicide rate among females
Наука и Здравоохранение, 2, 2016
Оригинальные исследования
53
ages 45–54 to Japan’s suicide rate among the
same age group was 1.48, the ratio of South
Korea’s suicide rate among females ages 55–64
to Japan’s suicide rate among the same age
group was 1.82, and the ratio of South Korea's
suicide rate among females ages 65–74 to
Japan’s suicide rate among the same age group
was 1.52 (figure 1).
Figure 1. The ratio of South Korea’s suicide rate to Japan’s suicide rate in 2009
(the ratio of suicide rates was calculated for individuals ages 35–44,
ages 45–54, ages 55–64, and ages 65–74 in 2009 as a reference).
Figure 2. The ratio of South Korea’s suicide rate to Japan’s suicide rate in 2012.
The ratio of South Korea’s suicide rate among
males to Japan’s suicide rate among males in all
age group in 2012 was 1.27. The ratio of the two
countries’ suicide rates among males ages 5–14
was 1.00, the ratio of the suicide rates among
males ages 15–24 was 0.64, the ratio of the
suicide rates among males ages 25–34 was 1.05,
the ratio of the suicide rates among males ages
35–44 was 1.15, the ratio of the suicide rates
among males ages 45–54 was 1.14, the ratio of
the suicide rates among males ages 55–64 was
1.51, the ratio of the suicide rates among males
ages 65–74 was 2.42, and the ratio of the suicide
rates among males age 75 or over was 3.90. The
ratio of South Korea’s suicide rate among females
to Japan’s suicide rate among females in all age
group in 2012 was 1.46. The ratio of the two
countries’ suicide rates among females ages 5–
14 was 2.00, the ratio of the suicide rates among
females ages 15–24 was 1.12, the ratio of the
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
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2,50
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3,50
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4,50
5~14 15~24 25~34 35~44 45~54 55~64 65~74 75~
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th
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pan
’s
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at
e
males
females
Age groups
0,00
0,50
1,00
1,50
2,00
2,50
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,50
5~14 15~24 25~34 35~44 45~54 55~64 65~74 75~
Th
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e
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females
Age groups
Original article
Science & Healthcare, 2, 2016
54
suicide rates among females ages 25–34 was
1.55, the ratio of the suicide rates among females
ages 35–44 was 1.53, the ratio of the suicide
rates among females ages 45–54 was 1.24, the
ratio of the suicide rates among females ages 55–
64 was 1.19, the ratio of the suicide rates among
females ages 65–74 was 1.81, and the ratio of
the suicide rates females age 75 or over was 3.57
(figure 2).
Discussion
Two countries with some of the world’s highest
suicide rates were compared. Results of that
comparison indicated that the ratio of South
Korea’s suicide rate to Japan’s suicide rate was 1
or greater for both sexes in all age groups except
for males ages 15–24 in 2009 and 2012 and for
males ages 25–34 in 2009. In other words, South
Korea’s suicide rates were same or higher than
Japan’s (the ratio of the two countries’ suicide
rates among males ages 45–54 in 2009 was less
than 1, but this value was excluded since it was
only for reference). South Korea needs to
implement additional suicide prevention efforts for
males and females in all groups of young, middle-
aged, and elderly. These efforts need to be
promptly implemented for the elderly in particular.
One study in South Korea has reported that
health problems are a key aspect of measures to
prevent suicide by the elderly [22]. South Korea
can look to a number of effective suicide
prevention
measures
that
Japan
has
implemented to deal with suicide due to health
problems [18,20,24]. Key aspects of these
measures to deal with suicide due to health
problems are early detection of a depressive state
or depression through screening and coordinated
responses by medical personnel (e.g. physicians
and public health nurses), administrative bodies,
and the community. Japan needs to implement
further suicide prevention efforts for males ages
15–24. Among individuals ages 15–24, there are
several key motivations for committing suicide.
Among individuals in their teens, school problems
and health problems are motivations for suicide,
and health problems are a motivation for suicide
among individuals in their 20s
[10,12]. Bodies and
institutions encountering individuals with health
problems and school problems need to enhance
their suicide prevention measures and they need
to coordinate their efforts with relevant
institutions.
Suicide prevention is a key topic that different
countries must deal with in numerous ways
[2,3,5,17,21], and there is evidence that suicide
prevention efforts are yielding results.
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