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interpreting data and for the measurement and assessment of uncertainty. Thus mathematical
literacy in the area of quantity applies knowledge of number and number operations in a wide
variety of settings.
100. Computer simulations: Both in mathematics and statistics there are
problems that are not so
easily addressed because the required mathematics are complex or involve a large number of
factors all operating in the same system or because of ethical issues relating to the impact on living
beings or their environment. Increasingly in today’s world such problems are being approached
using computer simulations driven by algorithms. In the illustrative example
Savings Simulation the
student uses a computer simulation as a tool in decision making. The computer simulation does
the calculations for the student, leaving the student to plan, predict and solve
problems based on
the variables that they can control.
101. Identifying computer simulations as a focal point of the quantity content category signals that
in the context the Computer-Based Assessment of Mathematics (CBAM) of PISA being used from
2021, there are a broad category of complex problems including budgeting and planning that
students can analyse in terms of the variables of the problem using computer simulations provided
as part of the test item.
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