Narbekova Zhannur Sagidullaevna
Master teacher of Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh Turkish University
87059731131, zhannuri80@mail.ru
GAME-BASED ACTIVITIES TO DEVELOP LEARNERS’ SPEAKING SKILLS
Түйін. Бұл мақалада білімгерлердің сөйлеу дағдыларын дамытуда қолданылатын ойынға негізделген іс-әрекет-
тер қарастырылады.
Резюме. В этой статье рассматриваются виды деятельности, основанные на играх, для развития навыков
говорения обучающихся.
Summary. This article deals with the game-based activities to develop learners’ speaking skills
Teaching opportunities of games has long been
known. Many outstanding teachers rightly drew
attention to the efficiency of the use of games in the
learning process. And this is understandable. In the
game, particularly complete and sometimes unexpected
ability of the person, especially a child are particularly
manifested.
Game is a particularly organized activity requiring
a tension of emotional and mental strength. The
game always involves a decision - what to do, what
to say, how to win? The desire to resolve these issues
aggravates mental activity of game players. And what
if the child at the same time speaks a foreign language?
Children, however, do not think about it. For them, the
game is, first of all, fun.
By this, game attracts teachers, including teachers
of a foreign language. In the game, all is equal. It is
feasible even with weak pupils. Moreover, a weak
pupil on language training can become the first in the
game: quick wit and ingenuity here are sometimes
more important than the knowledge of the subject.
The sense of equality, the atmosphere of enthusiasm
and joy, a sense of affordability of tasks – all of these
enable children to overcome shyness, interfere with
the free use of word speech in a foreign language, and
a beneficial effect on learning outcomes. A language
material is acquired in an unnoticed way, and with it
a feeling of satisfaction - "it turns out, I can speak on
equal terms with everyone" emerges.
Contribution of school as an educational and
upbringing institution to ensuring equal access to
education of each child is very high. School is the
medium for generating children’s aims for the further
life, forming relationships with the surrounding people,
determining the attitude to the world and the society in
general. It is also the environment for the formation of
cognitive interest or desire to learn more, comprehend
knowledge independently.
According to V. A. Kukharenko, "humanity
is unthinkable without communicative activity.
Regardless of gender, age, education, social
status, territorial belonging, nationality and other
characteristics of a human personality, we constantly
ask for, pass and store information, i.e. are actively
engaged in communicative activity".
Referring to the theoretical aspect of the question,
we find in the works by B. G. Ananiev, A. A. Bodalev,
A. N. Leontiev, B. R. Lomov, V. N. Myasischev that the
ability to form relationships is considered as a specific
form of activity of younger schoolchildren. The authors
emphasize that in the process of communication not
only manifestation of personal qualities is important,
but also their formation and development in the process
of communication. This is explained by the fact that
through communication a person acquires common
human experience, values, knowledge and ways of
activity. Thus, the authors note, an individual is formed
as a person and a subject of activity. In this sense,
communication becomes the most important factor of
personality development. [1]
Effectiveness of the process of formation of
"communicative competences" in children of primary
school age largely depends on the arrangement by the
teacher of situations for communication and interaction
in which the child solves certain communicative tasks.
Communication problems are very effectively solved
in the process of games. Game is one of the leading
means of education and formation of communicative
abilities. During the gaming activities children develop
and interact with the world, with their peers and adults,
develop their speech. The influence of games on the
development of the child’s personality lies in its
ability to acquaint the children with the behaviour and
relationships of adults who become a model for their
own behaviour, give them basic communication skills,
qualities necessary to establish contact with their peers
[2].
For example, the game "Good Elves" [3] which
aims to create an atmosphere of free interaction with
peers and trust to adults. The main rule of the game
is prohibition of conversations between children which
excludes the possibility of quarrels, disputes, plots. The
game introduces its own language of "conventional
signals" expressed in the mimics, gestures and
movements which the participants can exchange for
communication. For greeting the children have to
contact their palms, and to ask “How are the things?” –
to touch the shoulder of another child, etc.
At the beginning of the game, the children with
special educational needs are closed, unwilling to take
part in the games. The teacher involves these children
in the game through her own communication with
them, interacting in pairs, thus gently involving them
into common activity.
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The games "Enchanted friends", "Labyrinth" [4]
require of each participant the coherence of actions.
The rules of the games involve maximum cooperation
in actions, team spirit. These games require the
children to pay a lot of attention to each other, give a
sense of usefulness, self-importance. Positive results in
these games are achieved through the communication
arranged between children, the teacher correcting this
communication.
Developing the ability to verbally express attitude
to one’s peer may be achieved with the help of the game
"Good Wizards", "Day of Forgiveness," [5]. In these
games the children learn to tell each other compliments,
to express wishes correctly. They contribute to the
development of the ability to see virtues in the peers, to
talk about them, giving each other pleasure.
Games contribute to the implementation of the
important methodological problems:
–The creation of the psychological readiness of
children to speech dialogue;
–Providing a natural need of multiple repetitions
of a language material;
–Training pupils in choosing the right version
of the speech, which is a preparation for situational
spontaneity of speech in general.
Natalia A. Trubnikova, English teacher of MCOU
"Ostrovsky Secondary School 4 divides games into
two sections [60].
The first section constitutes grammar, vocabulary,
phonetics and spelling games that contribute to the
formation of communication competence. Hence,
it is named as "Preparatory games" (Annex 1). It is
known that training pupils in the use of grammatical
structures, requiring multiple repetitions wearies kids
by its monotony, and expended efforts do not bring
quick satisfaction. Games help make a boring job
more interesting and exciting. After the lexical games,
grammar games which logically continue to "build"
the foundation of speech follow. Phonetic games
are intended to correct pronunciation at the stage of
formation of speech skills. Finally, the formation and
development of speech and pronunciation skills in
some degree contribute to orthographic games, the main
objective of which is the acquisition of orthography of
the studied vocabulary. Most of the games of the first
section can be used as a training exercise at the stage of
both primary and individual consolidation.
The second section is called "Creative games".
The purpose of these games is to promote the further
development of speech skills. The ability to show
independence in solving problems speech thinking
tasks, fast response in communion, maximum
mobilization of language skills which are characteristic
qualities of verbal skills - could be manifested in
auditive and speech games. Games of the second
section train pupils in the ability to make creative use
of language skills.
A foreign language lesson is seen as a social
phenomenon, where the classrooms is a particular
social environment in which teachers and pupils enter
into definite social relations with each other, where
the educational process is the interaction of all those
present. The use of role-playing games gives ample
opportunities to enhance the learning process.
Role-playing games represent a schematic
reproduction of its participants is real practical
activity, creates the conditions for real communication.
The effectiveness of training is due primarily to the
explosion of motivation, increased interest in the
subject.
By role-playing games must meet certain
requirements. In the role-playing game, new forms
of speech expressions are developed: instructing,
narrating, and others. The child develops the ability
to focus his comments on the various partners in the
different situations of communication. Beginning in the
preschool years, the game continues until the 5-7 class.
Children grow up appropriately games grow up too.
And with the growth of the games, the personality of a
pupil grows. The game meets the needs of the child to
be with something or someone else. This is a demand to
test himself, to establish his thought for himself and for
others. In the games, the child is looking for himself,
goes through different roles, while maintaining hiss "I"
of the child.
In the game there is another important point –
a communication with peers. In the game, not only
physical qualities, not just mental, not only social
(mastery of roles - the future social responsibilities)
develop. In the game, "I" of man develops as individual
social whole. In the game, an active, creative "I" of the
child develops. Game\s is a fantasy, joy, delight. This
is a major form of human’s becoming "I" at an early
age.
It is known that the role-playing game is a
conditional play with its participants in real practical
activity, creates the conditions for real communication.
The effectiveness of training is due primarily to the
explosion of motivation, increased interest in the
subject.
Analyzing the ways and means of forming all kinds
of speech activity - reading, speaking, listening, writing
and methods of activation of the learning process,
stimulating cognitive activity of pupils, Yemelyanov
Elena, English teacher, came to understand the need
of gaming technology for the learning process and
suggested the following game-based activities intended
to form communicative competence of primary school
pupils [6]:
Phonetic games are intended to correct
pronunciation at the stage of formation of speech
skills.
1. "I hear - I do not hear."
The purpose of this game is forming of phonemic
hearing skills.
Action: pupils are divided into teams. The teacher
pronounces the word. If she says the word, in which
long vowel ... or ... -learners raise their left hands.
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If the word has also called consonants ... or ...
they all raise both hands. The teacher writes on the
blackboard playing mistakes. The winner is the team
that made fewer mistakes.
2. "Who is faster?"
The purpose of this game is the formation
and improvement of skills sound establishing
correspondences and meanings of words by ear.
Action: pupils are dealt cards, on which the first
column contains the word in English, the second
contains their transcription. In the third, the translations
of words in the Kazakh language are given. The
words of a foreign language are numbered in order of
following. Each trainee must, as soon as the teacher
says a particular word, put it next to the appropriate
number of transcription and translation into Kazakh.
3. "We are Dunno"
The purpose of this game is to correct pronunciation
at the stage of formation of speech skills.
Action: Dunno comes to the class. He will learn
English. Now children do not simply repeat the sounds,
they try to teach Dunno to correct his pronunciation.
Dunno shows children signs of transcription, and the
children name them in chore. And to see how the
children remember these sounds Dunno begins to
make mistakes. If the sound is pronounced correctly,
the children are silent, and if it is wrong, they clap
their hands.
4. "Who reads more right?"
The goal of the game: the formation of
pronunciation skills of coherent expression or a text.
Action: a little poem or an excerpt from it
(rhymes, tongue twisters) is written on the blackboard.
The teacher reads and explains the meaning of words,
sentences, draws attention to the difficulties of
pronunciation of individual sounds. The text is read
several times by pupils. After that two - three minutes
are given for learning by heart. The text on the board
is closed and the pupils should read it by heart. On
each team there are two or three readers. For error-free
reading points are added; for every mistake one point is
removed. The winner is the team with the most points.
Lexical games. The goal is the solution of various
communication problems with the available lexical
resources.
1.А Lexical game of microtheme «Body», entitled
"Let’s draw together." Pupils go to the board, draw one
or another part of the face or torso, commenting:
P 1: I am drawing a nose.(Мен мұрын салып жа-
тырмын.)
P 2: He / she is drawing a nose.(Ол мұрын салып
жатыр.)
2. The game is a contest for memorizing
quantitative and ordinal numbers with the use of the
ball.
The group is divided into two teams.
Pupils of the first team (alternately) name cardinal
numbers, and the pupils of the 2nd team name ordinal
numbers respectively.
3. A game "Months". Each pupil receives the
name of a month. By the signal of the teacher, "months"
should be built in the "right" order.
4. "Who ran away?"
Pupils are invited to a picture, which depicts
animals. They see it for 1or 1.5 minutes. Then they are
shown a different picture, where there are some of the
animals that were on the first picture. Pupils should say
which animal has escaped.
5. "Edible - inedible."
This game activates the lexical items in the
speech, develops responsiveness to the spoken word.
The leader says the word in English and throws the ball
to one of the children. He who catches the ball says
«yes» (if that word means edible thing) or «no».
Grammar games. They are designed to train pupils
for different grammatical structures.
1. When familiarizing pupils with the
possessive nouns, teacher can use a variety of items,
toys, which names are familiar to pupils. The game
is "Whose toy?".
P1: This is my cat. (Мынау менің мысығым)
P2: That is Pete‘s dog.( Анау Питтің мысығы.)
(көрші оқушының мысығын көрсетіп).
2. "A theatre of gestures." One of the pupils fulfills
any action simultaneously answering to a question of
a teacher, another pupil comments on the action of
the first pupil. This game allows to train oral use The
Present Progressive tense (Нақ осы шақ). For
example, the first pupil shows he is doing exercises and
the second pupil says: «He is doing exercises».
3. To fix the theme "Irregular verbs" teacher will
also suggest a game with aball. Pupils stand in a circle;
the leader, standing in the center of the circle, throws
the ball, calling the wrong verb in the infinitive, and
the pupil catches the ball and he calls the past tense of
the verb.
4. "World Tour". In this game, a construction
There is / are is fixed worked through skill and the
use of articles. "Journey" can be conducted by the
class or on a thematic picture. The teacher starts the
game: «There is a blackboard on the wall in front of the
pupils". Further description is continued by the pupils:
«Near the blackboard there is a door ...». The one who
makes a mistake leaves the ship.
5. «Guess it». This game is aimed at consolidating
the common issues. The leader thinks of any item
found in the classroom. Trying to guess the subject,
the pupils ask only general questions that leader replies
"yes" or "no" (the number of questions is limited). The
winner is the team that guesses the subject, asking
fewer questions.
Orthography games. The purpose of these games
is mastering spelling of studied vocabulary.
1. "A duty letter."
The goal of the game is the formation of awareness
skills of a correct place of letters in a word.
Action: The pupils are dealt cards and asked to
write as many words, that the said letter is at a certain
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place. For example, the teacher says, "Today we have
a duty letter" o ", it is in the first place. Who will write
more words in which the letter "o" is in the first place? "
The time of fulfilling the task is regulated (3-5
minutes).
2. "The letters are scattered."
The goal is forming skills of combining letters in
the word.
Action: The teacher writes a word in large letters
on a sheet of paper and cuts it on the letters and without
showing, saying, "I had a word. It was scattered in the
letters. "Then shows letters and scatters them on the
table: "Who will guess what the word is?" The winner is
the one who first writes the word correctly. The winner
comes up with his word, according to the teacher or he
writes and cuts it and shows all the scattered letters.
The action is repeated.
3. "A picture".
The goal is to check the spelling of the studied
material studied.
Action: Each participant receives pictures of
objects, animals, etc. Representatives of the teams go
to the board, divided into two parts, and write the word
corresponding to the subjects in the picture. After the
pupil writes the word, he should read it and show his
picture. The winner is the team that is faster and writes
all the words with fewer errors.
Creative games. Their goal is to contribute to
the further development of speech skills. This group
includes role-playing games that are designed to
enhance the communicative orientation of teaching.
The abundance of fabulous stories and game
situations help to create an atmosphere of joy,
spontaneity and looseness in the classroom.
1. The game " Ambassadors".
The class is divided into groups of at least 5 people.
Each group thinks of, for example, the profession.
Taking one the role, one representative goes to
another group and answers questions on behalf of the
character. If pupils guess who he is, take him "captive",
and the group chooses another ambassador. The winner
is the team that has been able to capture a larger number
of captives.
2. Game «Theatre -Goers». The exercise is in the
substitution.
A task for the first partner (girl): "You are Malvina.
You love the theatre. Tell me, in what theater you were
yesterday. "
A task for the second partner (boy): "You are
Pinocchio. Tell me, what theater you visited last week.
"
- I went to the Opera and Ballet Theatre yesterday.
- And I went to the Puppet Theatre last week.
3. The game "What, Where, When?".
Equipment: whirligig, envelopes with questions,
portraits of writers (poets).
Action: The class is divided into two teams,
which sit at the table in turn. The game is conducted
in an analogous form with the well-known television
program. Each team receives an envelope, in which a
photograph of a famous person and the question "What
do you know about this man?" are enclosed. The jury
determines the correct answer, counts the number of
points.
At the lessons, the games with different objects are
effective, such as a doll, a character who, embodying
certain human traits, allows more directly and flexibly
to motivate language of learners in the classroom.
As the play with a doll is one of the varieties of
role-playing game, it has all of its properties and virtues
in the organization of speech activity in the English
class. However, playing with dolls as a specific form of
role-playing games has some features. The following
functions are puppets in the classroom:
A doll is a third person, the subject of the
conversation;
A doll is a sign of the situation;
A doll is a partner and a speech addressee;
A doll is mask and others.
Game methods of work in the classroom stimulate
pupils’ keen interest to the subject, allows them to
develop individual abilities of each pupil, educate their
cognitive activity.
In the implementation of the tasks of the concept
of secondary school modernization, games can be
considered as a powerful tool for communication
oriented language lessons, which allows teachers to
improve the quality and effectiveness of teaching.
Active use of gaming technology in teaching
English to children allows teachers to increase the
motivation of pupils to learn a foreign language, their
cognitive activity and, most importantly, the quality
level of pupils’ knowledge.
Thus, the game can be not only pleasant, but also
the dominant technology of education.
Reference
1. Zimniya I.A. Psychology of teaching foreign languages in school. - M .: Education, 1999 – p.222.
2. Alasdair MacIntyre, After Virtue: A Study in Moral Theory, 2nd Edition (Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame
Press, 1984), p.216.
3. Flannery O'Connor, Mystery and Manners (New York: Farrar, StrausandGiroux,1990), p.96.
4. Bruno Bettelheim, The Uses of Enchantment (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1975), p.5.
5. William J. Bennett ed., The Book of Virtues (New York: Simon and Schuster). Brown 1987: 66
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Science and life of Kazakhstan. №2/2 (37). 2016
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