V.Zh. Tulegenova
POLYLINGUAL EDUCATION AT THE HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
West Kazakhstan agrarian-technical university named after Zhangir khan, Uralsk
Supervisor: R.M. Bukessova, senior teacher of chair of foreign languages of WKATU
In the modern world the connection with processes of self-determination of the nations, formations
of the multinational states, and the legal solution of questions of language in society became the active
population shift by very important national objective.
The president of the country N. A. Nazarbayev set the high and ambitious tasks for domestic edu-
cation according to which the most important strategic task of education is, on the one hand, saving the
best Kazakhstan educational traditions, on the other hand, support of graduates with the international
qualification qualities, development of their linguistic consciousness at the heart of which – mastering
state, native, and foreign languages. In this regard the understanding of a role of languages in the modern
world with special sharpness raises for us a question of productivity of training the languages and increase
of level of language training of students. The president of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A. Nazarbayev
in the Message to the people of Kazakhstan “Strategy “Kazakhstan-2050” - a new political policy of the
state” the next time marked the significance of a multilingualism: “I am firmly convinced that Kazakhstan
citizens of 2050 is society of the educated, free people speaking three languages”.
The most important strategic task of education is, with one the side, saving the best Kazakhstan
educational traditions, with other side, support of graduates of schools with the international qualification
qualities, development of their linguistic consciousness, in to which basis - mastering state, native and
foreign languages. Kazakhstan, remaining multiethnic and polyconfessional state, endures the difficult
and contradictory period of the cultural and language development to what the developed testifies the
language situation, which characteristic is this in the Concept language policies of the Republic of Ka-
zakhstan.
It is necessary to mark that practically in all documents in the field of a language policy the main
idea is acquisition of several languages. In this regard new sounding is acquired by a problem of the lan-
guage educations [1, p. 264].
In this regard it would be important to speak about polilinguacultural education which result shall
become multilingualism of citizens of society.
Therefore study of languages as one of the principal indicators of adaptation the person to new
socio-political and welfare to realities becomes actual scientific- theoretical and scientific - practical task.
The understanding of a role of languages in the modern world with special sharpness puts for-
ward us question of productivity of training the languages and increase level of language preparation
of the trained. The concept of a development of education in the Republic of Kazakhstan is directed on
high-quality up-dating of forms and methods of preparation of professional frames, it is qualification
meeting universal standards. Great attention thus it is given to polylingual education which is considered
as the effective instrument of preparation of the younger generation for activity in the conditions of inter-
dependent. One of tasks of higher education institutions is union of younger generation to the universal,
global values, formation at the trained abilities to communicate and interact with representatives of adja-
cent cultures and in world space [2, p.213].
The main goal of the teachers and students development of the polycultural personality capable on
social and professional self-determination, knowing history and traditions of the people, the knowing sev-
eral languages, capable to realize communicative and active operations in three languages in all situations
aiming at self-development and self-improvement.
It is necessary to teach the basic and special subjects on English due to the gain of the role of
English in the business and production field of activity. At the university teaching of the special disci-
plines in English is successfully implemented. So, for example, since 2006 at the Mechanical-engineering
faculty and Economic faculty for students of 1-4 courses special disciplines are carried out in English.
Extension of a range of the disciplines taught in English is planned [3, p. 344].
Discipline «The professional oriented foreign language” which since 2013 are learned by students
of all specialties are entered into the state standard of education. In this regard at each faculty (Economy
and business, Agronomy, Veterinary medicine and biotechnology, Polytechnical, Mechanical-engineer-
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ПОЛИЯЗЫЧИЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
ing) language training of teachers in English are carried out. Conditions for training and professional
development of teachers as within the republic, and abroad are created.
For this purpose training courses of English for entering in magistracy and doctoral studies are
annually organized. English language courses for teachers and students are carried out by the chair of
foreign languages. One of the directions of operations on development of multilingualism at university is
the academic mobility which promotes successful integration into world educational space.
Along with the practical purpose – training in communication, language training at university sets
the educational purposes. Achievement of the educational purposes means extension of an outlook of stu-
dents, increase of level of their general culture and education, and also culture of thinking, communica-
tion and the speech. For this purpose on the basis of our chair are carried out a row of actions, as on devel-
opment and enhancement of language preparation, and on education of the competent, sociable, tolerant
expert. There was a tradition to carry out at the beginning of each academic year of the educational week
or decade devoted to Day of development of languages of the people of Kazakhstan. Annually chair of
foreign languages events of different educational directivity are held. For example at this academic year
such events as Abay and Pushkin readings in three languages, a quiz “Polyglot”, “Knowledge is power”,
“Do you know English well ?» were held, “Language – road to everywhere”, “New in the Animal planet”,
“English around the world”, the Olympic Games on English, etc.
Students of our higher education institution take the active part in the international conferences in
English of Kazakhstan and Russia. Implementation in teaching and educational training activity in three
languages is, certainly, the major step in the direction of implementation of the Concept of a development
of education of the Republic of Kazakhstan forward till 2015 among which basic competences are trilin-
gual, the Eurasian polycultural, communication and a technocratic. In basic parts of the Concept is said
about need of high-quality foreign language skills of the graduate of the modern school is the ripened
vital need as intensive rates and a level of development of science and technique require the free foreign
language skills for better and full receiving necessary theoretical and practical knowledge and skills.
Besides, training in three languages, will promote the students to culture and traditions of the different
people. That is as formation of the polylanguage personality, the active informant of several languages, as
is the fundamental purpose of activities for development of multilingualism at the University.
References:
1. Kunanbayeva S. S. The modern foreign-language education: methodology and theories. – Almaty,
2005. – 264 p.
2. Kulibayeva D. N. Innovative model of formation of the international standard levels of foreign language
skills in the conditions of schools of the international type. – Almaty, 2003. – 213 p.
3. Suleymenova, E.D. A language situation and language planning in Kazakhstan / E.D.Suleymenova, Zh.
S. Smagulova. - Almaty: Kazakh university, 2005. – 344 p.
CREATING EXTRA ENGLISH-SPEAKING ENVIRONMENT
FOR STUDENTS OF NON-LANGUAGE UNIVERSITIES
Карагандинский государственный технический университет, г. Караганда
Научный руководитель: О.В. Витченко, магистр философии, преподаватель
кафедры иностранных языков КарГТУ
English has become an important mode of professional communication all over the world. Kazakh-
stan is not an exception. According to the Strategy of multilingual education developed in Kazakhstan,
English language is considered to be “the language of successful integration into the global economy”
[1]. This identifies the main direction of quality professional language education which must meet in-
ternational standards. Introducing English for Specific Purposes (ESP) in non-linguistic universities in
Kazakhstan is top necessary from the point of economics. Today Kazakhstan witnesses the increasing
foreign direct investment with technology and the accelerated development of foreign trade which will
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КӨПТІЛДІЛІК ЖОҒАРЫ БІЛІМ БЕРУ КОНТЕКСТІНДЕ
speed up the economic growth in the country. There are hundreds of foreign companies in Kazakhstan
currently employing a large number of both foreign and local specialists who have to communicate in
the work environment by means of the English language but the issue of language training of current
students for working in foreign companies located in Kazakhstan and abroad is still open. Regarding
higher education, ESP can be especially beneficial for students because for one part it opens employment
opportunities while for another gives a chance to continue their studies in college or university programs
abroad. Perhaps the most widespread benefit for all students is their increased ability to communicate ef-
fectively in the professional community. Socially, ESP can be regarded as a unique tool of cross-cultural
communication focusing on professional area. ESP gives an opportunity to open up a foreign approach to
work, business and education.
For students of non-linguistic universities it is difficult to study English without having access
to native English speaking environment which can be very beneficial for teaching/learning ESP. Today
according to National Curriculum all technical universities design and introduce a course of so called
professionally oriented English. However, the duration of such course is limited to one semester and the
course itself does not fully satisfy the requirements of contemporary language proficiency of employees
for work in a foreign company, for example. For assisting creating language and context rich environ-
ment, universities can organize English clubs with specific objectives and distant learning process using
IT-technologies.
There is a variety of methods one can use to improve English for Specific Purposes skills; however,
one effective method of improving such skills is immersing in an English speaking environment. Being
in an English speaking environment can improve English speaking skills by helping to communicate
more easily and effectively. Most researchers and teachers agree that the most important factor affecting
English language learning is the setting in which the language is learned, just as Spolsky argues that “
the outcome of language learning depends in large measure on the amount and kind of exposure to the
target language” [2]. However, in Kazakhstan English is taught as a foreign language, English learners
do not have a ready-made context for communication beyond their classroom, so they cannot get enough
exposure to the target language. It is needed to create a good language-learning environment for English
learners.
According to the general model of conditions for optimal language learning environment, four
conditions need to be met:
Condition 1: opportunities for learners to interact and negotiate meaning with an authentic audi-
ence.
Conditon 2: learners involved in authentic tasks which promote exposure to and production of
varied and creative language.
Condition 3: learners have opportunities to formulate ideas and thoughts and intentional cognition
is promoted.
Condition 4: an atmosphere with ideal stress /anxiety level in a learner-centred classroom [3].
To approximate the optimal learning environment, it is advisable to employ extracurricular ac-
tivities, which aims to enhance the overall proficiency of language learners by holding various kinds of
activities systematically with the involvement of students, teachers and native speakers (including foreign
friends, teachers as well as those images in reading and videos).
As one form of providing appropriate language learning environment for assissting teaching/learn-
ing English for Specific Purposes universities can organize English clubs. An English club is a place for
language learners to use English in a casual setting. Practicing skills in the classroom is important when
real-life situations can be re-created with the emphasis on mastering certain skills. In English club, stu-
dents get a chance to practice many different skills in a setting which is more like real [4].
When thinking about starting the club, organizers should develop a clear strategic plan, conduct a
research-based needs assessment to determine the needs of the learners, create a flexible curriculum, find
quality program staff, select and develop appropriate training materials and activities, deliver instruction
that keeps learners engaged and motivated [5].
Today our society experiences lack of teachers who possess knowledge of academic/technical/
medical and etc. English at a good level. As a solution, English clubs could provide students with a num-
ber of opportunities to study specific language and practice general skills as well. However, such English
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ПОЛИЯЗЫЧИЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
clubs are not like traditional clubs where students usually sing, dance and share cultures with native
speakers. Certain rules should be created to limit non-formal activities; new club format should include
more work with EAP (English for Academic Purposes) or EOP (English for Occupational Purposes).
For example, guests and native speakers who have certain knowledge in specific area would explain to
students the basics of science. Moreover, teachers can organize reading lessons; each student would read
an article on specific for the area issues and then share learnt information during the English club. At
the same time native speakers would help to understand material and explain unfamiliar terms. While at
English club, activities can be more various and enlightening, such as video show, simulations, debates
etc. Activities like these not only provide good contexts for students to interact in English but also help to
enrich their knowledge and perspectives of the world.
The main challenge of organizing English club is to find a native speaker who is a specialist in
a certain area. That person could be a volunteer who already works in Kazakhstan. Firstly, it is easier
than waiting somebody to come form abroad on purpose, namely to work at university. Secondly, it is
less expensive for university to invite this specialist and provide him/her with a part-time work in the
club. Thirdly, in case if a native speaker (specialist in a certain area) has limited experience in teaching,
university staff can research and learn a lot from this specialist and organize co-teaching club meetings.
Examples of co-teaching pretty well answer the interfaculty educational process which encourages inter-
disciplinary educational aims.
In addition, universities could create interactive lessons for students organizing distant learning
process. Nowadays it is almost impossible to live without IT-technologies in educational sphere. Espe-
cially technical universities should tend to integrate technologies into the process of teaching/learning. In
case of learning ESP teachers can create various types of lessons involving technologies. First example
is an interactive lecture on a specific subject. Interactive lectures can be online or videotaped. There is
no doubt that video conferencing is a communication tool which offers extensive learning opportunities.
There is a wide range of practical applications for the technology, and conferences can range from a sim-
ple five-minute ‘point to point’ link between two universities to a ‘multipoint’ session linking a number
of universities and experts for a whole class. Video conferencing is the only method by which visual,
interactive collaboration can take place. There is one word of caution when arranging a conference of this
kind. Most of the providers have ‘off the shelf’ presentations, which they adapt to suit whatever audience
they’re presenting to. Occasionally the information the presenter has received may have gone astray
or been misunderstood, so teachers should make sure that preparation is thorough [6]. In the situation
when students’ language proficiency varies from elementary to intermediate level or even above, students
should be familiar with a topic before attending such conferences presented in English. What is more,
many foreign professors usually have handouts hardcopies of which can be obtained before the lecture
and help students to better understand what is discussed in the lecture. Many students find it challenging
to attend such lectures if they are not appropriately prepared for that. Students must know the content
area, certain vocabulary and have good listening skills in order to effectively participate in such lectures.
Список использованных источников:
1. Послание Президента Казахстан Н.А. Назарбаева «Новый Казахстан в новом мире» // Издание
официальное. Астана, 2007.
2. Spolsky, Bernard. Conditions for second language learning: Introduction to a general theory. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1989.
3. Egbert J.L.& Jessup L.M. 1996 Analytic and systemic analysis of computer-supported language envi-
ronment, 1996.
4. How to Start an English Club. URL:
http://www.englishclub.com/english-clubs/english-club.htm (дата
обращения: 18.02.2013).
5. Friedenberg, Joan, Deborah Kennedy, Anne Lomperis, William Martin, Kay Westerfield. Effective
Practices in Workplace Language Training: Guidelines for Providers of Workplace English Language
Training Services. Alexandria, VA: TESOL, 2003.
6. Arnold, Tim, Cayley, Steve and Griffith, Mike. Video Conferencing in the Classroom: Communica-
tions Technology across the Curriculum. URL: www.athena.bham.org.uk (дата обращения: 05.03.2013)
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КӨПТІЛДІЛІК ЖОҒАРЫ БІЛІМ БЕРУ КОНТЕКСТІНДЕ
А. Умербаева
СОСТОЯНИЕ ПОЛИЯЗЫЧНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
Аркалыкский государственный педагогический институт, г. Аркалык
Научный руководитель: Н.К. Виштак, ст. преподаватель кафедры
методики дошкольного и начального обучения АркГПИ
Для того чтобы быть конкурентоспособной страной, Казахстану нужны образованные, все-
сторонне развитые личности. Для этого государством вводятся различные образовательные про-
граммы. Для их успешной реализации не маловажное значение имеет знание языков. Согласно
статье 16 Закона РК «О языках»: «… Республика Казахстан обеспечивает получение начального,
основного среднего, общего среднего, технического и профессионального, послесреднего, высше-
го и послевузовского образования на государственном, русском, а при необходимости и возмож-
ности, и на других языках» [1]. То есть, созданы все условия для развития полиязычной политики
в стране. Государственная образовательная политика в области обучения иностранным языкам
основывается на признании важности развития многоязычия на территории Казахстана. Глава го-
сударства не раз в своих посланиях отмечал о важности обеспечения единства языков. Знание го-
сударственного языка является обязанностью каждого гражданина страны, а владение русским и
английским языками дает нам возможность межнационального общения, стирает границы между
народами и открывает окно в будущее.
Казахстан - многонациональная страна. Права народов проживающих в государстве защи-
щены Главным Законом – Конституцией. Создаются условия, чтобы представители народностей
могли свободно говорить и обучаться на родном языке, развивать его, сохранять и поддерживать
традиции этноса.
Идея формирования поликультурной личности всегда имела место в казахской народной
педагогике. Многоязычие, как отмечает Э.Д. Сулейменова, является неоспоримой и существенной
характеристикой языковой ситуации Казахстана. Оно создается активным участием в нем казах-
ского, русского, английского и других языков. Казахская, русская и английская языковые компе-
тенции являются естественным отражением потребности практического и профессионального
владения несколькими языками для получения реальных шансов занять в обществе более пре-
стижное социальное и профессиональное положение. [2, с.117]
Сегодня вопросы поликультурного воспитания в сфере образования актуальны. Это связано
со становлением независимого государства Республики Казахстан, этнокультурными особенно-
стями населения и полувековым господством унифицированной системы образования, привед-
шим к отчуждению людей от истории, языка и культуры своего народа.
В Казахстане организуются этнокультурные общины, гражданам предоставлен свободный
выбор языка общения, воспитания, обучения и творчества. В образовательных учреждениях с ран-
него возраста ведется обучение детей иностранным языкам. В нашей стране уже появились пер-
вые 33 полиязычные школы, и планируется внедрение еще до 700 таких учреждений - сообщила
директор департамента высшего и послевузовского образования МОН РК Жакыпова Ф. Также
Жакыпова Ф. рассказала, что планируется создание колледжей мирового класса, где обучение бу-
дет предоставляться на трех языках. В высшем и послевузовском образовании также поэтапно
будет внедряться обучение на казахском, русском и иностранном языках. [3]
Казахстанские студенты и молодые специалисты имеют возможность обучаться и получать
стажировку в ведущих университетах мира. В том числе молодые преподаватели Аркалыкского
государственного педагогического института стажировались в Германии, Англии, Чехии. В этом
случае как никогда необходимо знание языков. Мы провели социальный опрос среди пользова-
телей интернета. Первый вопрос звучал так: «Пригодилось ли Вам знание языков?», на что из 46
респондентов 84,8% ответили положительно. На второй вопрос «Довольны ли Вы состоянием
полиязычной подготовки школьников/студентов» из 30 участников 67,7% оказались недовольны.
(Приложение 1)
Место образования в жизни общества во многом определяется той ролью, которую играют
в общественном развитии знания людей, их опыт, умения, навыки, возможности развития своих
профессиональных и личностных качеств. Нормальное существование любого общества невоз-
83
ПОЛИЯЗЫЧИЕ В КОНТЕКСТЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
можно без полноценного функционирования и развития системы высшего образования. Система
образования во всех своих звеньях и целостности формирует образ жизни и закрепляет основы
общественного строя. В современных условиях высшая школа является одним из важнейших со-
циальных институтов общественного воспроизводства, человекосозидания.
Высшая школа представляет собой расширяющийся и углубляющийся спектр обществен-
но-полезной деятельности, выступает особым и целостным комплексом общественных и соци-
альных взаимосвязей и отношений на мировом уровне. На их основе вырастает специфическая
формальная и неформальная структура организаций и учреждений. В сфере высшего образования
складываются определённые нормы, принципы, обычаи, традиции и особая духовно-нравствен-
ная атмосфера, соответствующие административно-правовые установления. Высшая школа вы-
полняет всё возрастающие социально-ролевые функции по подготовке высококвалифицирован-
ных, полиязычных кадров, гармонизации общественных отношений.
Профессор Принстонского университета Ф. Махлуп ввёл специфическое понятие «сфера
производства и распространения знания ». А высшее образование он рассматривал как крупней-
шую из отраслей производства и распространения знания [4, 426 с.].
Важно, то, что поликультурное образование активизирует процессы самопознания, самораз-
вития, способствующие развитию механизмов рефлексии личности; т.к. она актуализирует поиск
средств и форм адаптации, защиты и поддержки личности консультативного, информационного и
практического характера; направляет на развитие толерантных качеств.
Полиязычие и полиязычное образование - это веление времени, поскольку весь мир полиэ-
тичен, полилингвистичен. Разумное, грамотное и правильное внедрение полиязычия даст возмож-
ность выпускникам наших школ быть коммуникативно-адаптированными в любой среде.
Развитие поликультурной личности, которая знает и уважает культуру и традиции другого
народа очень важна для нашей республики. Так как будущее Казахстана в руках нашей молодёжи.
Приложение 1
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: |