Handout #10 (Outclass work, Lessons 10-22)
1. Phono-graphical level. Indicate the effects of the following cases of graphons, italics,
alliteration, assonance, lines, the multiplication of a grapheme, capitalization, hyphenation
and onomatopoeia:
1.
Streaked by a quarter moon, the Mediterranean shushed gently into the beach. (I. Shaw)
2.
He swallowed the hint with a gulp and a gasp and a grin. (R. Kipling)
3.
His wife was shrill, languid, handsome and horrible. (Sc. Fitzgerald)
4.
The fair breeze blew, the white foam flew,
The furrow followed free. (S. T. Coleridge)
5.
To sit in solemn silence in a dull dark dock,
In a pestilential prison, with a life-long lock,
Awaiting the sensation of a short, sharp shock
From a cheap and chippy chopper on a big black block. (W. Fr. Collier)
6.
The quick crackling of dry wood aflame cut through the night (St. Heym)
7.
―The Count‘, explained the German officer, ―expegs you chentlemen at eight-dirty.‘ (C.
Holmes)
8.
―I had a coach with a little seat in fwont with an iwon wail for the dwiver.‖ (Ch. Dickens)
9.
―De old Foolosopher, like Hickey calls yuh, ain‘t yuh? (E. O‘Neill)
10.
―Well, I dunno. I‘ll show you summat.‖ (St. Barstow)
11.
Best jeans for this Jeaneration.
12.
Follow our advice: Drinka Pinta Milka Day.
13.
Piglet, sitting in the running Kanga‘s pocket, substituting the kidnapped Roo, thinks:
this
shall
take
If
is
I
never
to
flying
really
it.
(A. Milne)
14.
Kiddies and grown-ups too-oo-oo
We haven‘t enough to do-oo-oo. (R. Kipling)
15.
He missed our father very much. He was s-l-a-i-n in North Africa. (J. D. Salinger)
16.
―Now listen, Ed, stop that now. I‘m desperate. I am desperate, Ed, do you hear?‖ (Th.
Dreiser)
17.
―ALL our troubles are over, old girl,‖ he said fondly. ―We can put a bit by now for a rainy
day.‖ (S. Maugham)
Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.
КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики
28
2. Lexical level Indicate the effects of the following cases of metaphor, irony, antonomasia,
epithet, oxymoron, hyperbole and understatement.
1.
All the world‘s a stage / And all the men and women merely players ... (Shakespeare)
2.
Life‘s but a walking shadow ... (Shakespeare Macbeth)
3.
I closed the door, and my stubborn car refused to open it again.
4.
The flowers nodded their heads as if to greet us.
5.
The frogs began their concert.
6.
He was sent behind bars.
7.
Apart from splits based on politics, racial, religious and ethnic backgrounds and specific
personality differences, we‘re just one cohesive team. (D. Uhnak)
8.
I had been admitted as a partner in the firm of Andrews and Bishop, and throughout 1927
and 1928 I enriched myself and the firm at the rate of perhaps forty dollars a month. (J.
Barth)
9.
I keep six honest serving men
(They taught me all I know)
Their names are What and Why and When
And How and Where and Who.
I send them over land and sea,
I send them east and west;
But after they have worked for me
I give them all rest. (R. Kipling)
10.
―Her mother is perfectly unbearable. Never met such a Gorgon.‖
―I don‘t really know what a Gorgon is like, but I am quite sure, that Lady Bracknell is
one. In any case, she is a monster without being a myth.‖ (O. Wilde)
11.
When Omar P. Quill died, his solicitors referred to him always as O.P.Q. Each reference
to O.P.Q. made Roger think of his grandfather as the middle of the alphabet. (G.Markey)
12.
In the moon-landing year what choice is there for Mr. and Mrs. Average – the programme
against poverty or the ambitious NASA project? (Morning Star)
13.
He has that unmistakable tall lanky ‗rangy‘ loose-jointed graceful close-cropped
formidably clean American look. (I. Murdoch)
14.
He‘s a proud, haughty, consequential, turned-nosed peacock. (Ch. Dickens)
15.
The Facsisti, or extreme Nationalists, which means black-shirted, knife-carrying, club-
swinging, quick-stepping, nineteen-year-old-pot-shot patriots, have worn out their
welcome in Italy. (E. Hemingway)
16.
She was a faded white rabbit of a woman. (A. Cronin)
17.
He loved the afterswim salt-and-sunshine smell of her hair. (J. Barth)
18.
The children were very brown and filthily dirty. (V. Woolf)
19.
The girls were dressed to kill. (J. Braine)
20.
The car which picked mw up on that particular guilty evening was a Cadillac limousine
about seventy-three blocks long. (J. Baldwin)
21.
The little woman, for she was of pocket size, crossed her hands solemnly on her middle.
(J. Galsworthy)
22.
He caught a ride home to the crowded loneliness of the barracks (J. Jones)
23.
Sara was a menace and a tonic, my best enemy; Rozzie was a disease, my worst friend. (J.
Cary)
24.
She was a damned nice woman too. (E. Hemingway)
25.
The garage was full of nothing. (R. Chandler)
3. Syntactical Level Indicate the effects of the following cases of a repetition, parallelism,
chiasmus, one-word sentence, one-member sentence, attachment, detachment, ellipsis
1.
I like people. Not just empty streets and dead buildings. People. People. (P.A.)
Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.
КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики
29
2.
The neon lights in the heart of the city flashed on and off. On and off. On. Off. On. Off.
Continuously. (P. Abrahams)
3.
I wake up and I‘m alone and I walk round Warley and I‘m alone; and I talk with people
and I‘m alone and I look at his face when I‘m home and it‘s dead. (J. Braine)
4.
Babbitt was virtuous. He advocated though he did not practice, the prohibition of alcohol;
he praised, though he did not obey, the laws against motor-speeding. (S. Lewis)
5.
I might as well face facts: good-bye, Susan, good-bye a big car, good-bye a big house,
good-bye power, good-bye the silly handsome dreams. (J. Braine)
6.
Living is the art of loving.
Loving is the art of caring.
Caring is the art of sharing.
Sharing is the art of living. (W. H. Davies)
7.
What is the good of sitting on the throne when other fellows give the orders? (B. Shaw)
8.
Suspense – a deliberate postponement of the completion of the sentence. Of all my old
association, off all my old pursuits and hopes, of all the living and the dead world, this one
poor soul alone comes natural to me. (Ch. Dickens)
9.
On, on he wandered, night and day, beneath the blazing sun, and the cold pale moon;
through the dry heat of noon, and the damp cold of night; in the grey light of morn, and
the red glare of eve. (Ch. Dickens)
10.
She narrowed her eyes a trifle at me and said I looked exactly like Celia Briganza‘s boy.
Around the mouth. (J. D. Salinger)
11.
A solemn silence: Mr. Pickwick humorous, the old lady serious, the fat gentleman
cautious and Mr. Miller timorous. (Ch. Dickens)
12.
He, and the falling light and dying fire, the time-worn room, the solitude, the wasted life,
and gloom, were all in fellowship. Ashes, and dust, and ruin! (Ch. Dickens)
13.
I‘m a horse doctor, animal man. Do some farming too. Near Tulip, Texas. (T. Capote)
14.
There was no breeze came through the door. (E. Hemingway)
15.
―What sort of a place is Dufton exactly?‖
―A lot of mills. And a chemical factory. And a Grammar school and a war memorial
and a river that runs different colours each day. And a cinema and fourteen pubs. That‘s really
all one can say about it. (J. Braine)
16.
―Give me an example,‖ I said quietly. ―Of something that means something. In your
opinion.‖ (T. Capote)
17.
―I got a small apartment over the place. And, well, sometimes I stay over. In the
apartment. Like the last few nights.‖ (D. Uhnak)
Lexico-syntactical Level Indicate the effects of the following cases of an antithesis, a simile,
an anticlimax, a climax, a litotes, periphrasis, an euphemism.
1.
―Some people have much to live on, and little to live for. (O. Wilde)
2.
Mrs. Nork had a large home and a small husband. (S. Lewis)
3.
There is Mr. Guppy, who was at first as open as the sun at noon, but who suddenly shut up
as close as midnight. (Ch. Dickens)
4.
Of course it‘s important. Incredibly, urgently, desperately important. (D. Sayers)
5.
―You have heard of Jefferson Brick, I see Sir,‖ quoth the Colonel with a smile. ―England
has heard of Jefferson Brick. Europe has heard of Jefferson Brick.‖ (Ch. Dickens)
6.
This was appalling – and soon forgotten. (J. Galsworthy)
7.
He was inconsolable – for an afternoon. (J. Galsworthy)
8.
In moments of utter crises my nerves act in the most extraordinary way. When utter
disaster seems imminent my whole being is simultaneously braced to avoid it. I size up
the situation in a flash, set my teeth, contract my muscles, take a firm grip of myself, and
without a tremor always do the wrong thing.‖ (B. Shaw)
Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.
КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики
30
9.
Lester was all alone. He listened to his steps as if they weren‘t his at all but somebody‘s
else. (St. Heym)
10.
An enormous grand piano grinned savagely at the curtains as if it would grab them, given
the chance. (W. Golding)
11.
These jingling toys in his pocket were of eternal importance like baseball or Republican
Party. (S. Lewis)
12.
As wet as a fish – as dry as a bone;
As live as a bird – as dead as a stone
As plump as a partridge – as crafty as rat;
As strong as a horse – as weak as a cat;
As hard as flint – as soft as a mole;
As white as lily – as black as coal;
As plain as pike – as rough as a bear;
As tight as a drum – as free as the air;
As heavy as lead – as light as a feather;
As steady as time – uncertain as weather;
As hot as an oven – as cold as a frog;
As gay as lark – as sick as a dog;
As savage as a tiger – as mild as a dove;
As stiff as a poker – as limp as a glove;
As blind as a bat – as deaf as a post;
As cool as a cucumber – as worm as toast;
As flat as a flounder – as round as a ball;
As blunt as a hammer – as sharp as an awl;
As brittle as glass – as tough as gristle;
As neat as a pin – as clean as a whistle;
As red as rose – as square as box. (O. Nash)
13.
It was not unnatural if Gilbert felt a certain embarrassment. (E. Waugh)
14.
I felt I wouldn‘t say ‗no‘ to a cup of tea. (K. Mansfield)
15.
I was quiet, but not uncommunicative; reserved, but not reclusive, energetic at times, but
seldom enthusiastic. (J. Barth)
16.
I am thinking an unmentionable thing about your mother. (I. Shaw)
17.
Jean nodded without turning and slid between two vermillion-coloured buses so that two
drivers simultaneously used the same qualitative word. (J. Galsworthy)
18.
Naturally, I jumped out of the tub, and before I had thought twice, ran out into the living
room in my birthday suit. (B. Malamud)
Handout #11 (Lesson 23)
An outline of stylistic analysis.
Introduction
You should mention who the author is, what other works s/he is famous for, what s/he
pays special attention to in most of his/her works, his/her manner of writing.
The passage under study presents (a piece of narration (continuous account of events), a
description, a portrayal (a character drawing), or a dialogue)
It is written in (lyrical, dramatic, humorous, unemotional, matter-of-fact, pathetic) key, it
is first / third person narration. (The narrator tells the story from his / her point of view. The
narrator is not a part of the plot and tells the story in the third person.)
Short summary
No more than 6 sentences: the main characters of the passage, their relations, the place
and time of the story (if known), etc.
The text logically falls into … parts.
1.
The story (the author) begins with a (the) description of …; the mention of; a (the)
comment on; the characterization of; (his) recollections of; etc.
2.
Then (after that; further; further on; next) the author passes on to…
Analysis
The characters are described with the help of /direct characterization – the author (or
another person) defines the character for the reader by describing or explaining it./ indirect
characterization, they are described through the action and / or conversation. The author leaves it
to the reader to judge the characters by what they say and do.
The characters are portrayed through the dialogue. They use slang words, etc.
Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.
КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики
31
The author conveys the characters‘ feelings (describes the objects, places) with the help
of metaphor(s) and simile(s), making them bright and vivid for the reader (more vivid,
convincing, more real and emotional). Moreover, italics draws our attention to the words …. ,
which helps to imagine the intonation the character used in this sentence. / The author draws the
readers‘ attention to what he finds important and wants to bring to their notice with the help of
parallelism, repetition, antithesis, emphatic word order.
The author uses long composite sentences with a number of attributive clauses/ short
simple sentences, which sounds abrupt.
You should note what you think the central idea of the story is, mention the parts that
impressed you most and explain why.
Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.
КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики
32
Handout #12 (Lessons 24-28)
THREE MEN IN A BOAT
By Jerome K. Jerome
Jerome K. Jerome (1859-1927) is a well-known English writer, whose novels "Three Men in a
Boat", "The Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow", "Novel Notes" and "Three Men on the Bummel"
have enjoyed great popularity. Jerome K. Jerome is famous for his art of story-telling, his vivid
style and his humour which is generally expressed in laughter-provoking situations often based
on misunderstanding. With sparkling humour he criticized the weak sides of human nature.
CHAPTER XIV
We got out at Sonning
1
, and went for a walk round the village. It is the most fairy-like
nook on the whole river. It is more like a stage village than one built of bricks and morrtar. Every
house is smothered in roses, and now, in early June, they were bursting forth in clouds of dainty
splendour. If you stop at Sonning, put up at the "Bull", behind the church. It is a veritable picture
of an old country inn, with a green, square courtyard in front, where, on seats beneath the trees,
the old men group of an evening to drink their ale and gossip over village politics; with low,
quaint rooms and latticed windows
2
and awkward stairs and winding passages.
We roamed about sweet Sonning for an hour or so, and then, it being too late to push on
past Reading
3
, we decided to go back to one of the Shiplake islands, and put up there for the
night. It was still early when we got settled and George said that, as we had plenty of time, it
would be a splendid opportunity to try a good, slap up supper. He said he would show us what
could be done up the river in the way of cooking, and suggested that, with the vegetables and the
remains of the cold beef and general odds and ends, we should make an Irish stew.
4
It seemed a fascinating idea. George gathered wood and made a fire, and Harris and I started to
peel the potatoes. I should never have thought that peeling potatoes was such an undertaking.
The job turned out to be the biggest thing of this kind that I had ever been in. We began
cheerfully, one might almost say skittishly but our lightheartedness was gone by the time the first
potato was finished. The more we peeled, the more peel there seemed to be left on; by the time
we had got all the peel off and all the eyes out, there was no potato left - at least none worth
speaking of. George came and had a look at it - it was about the size of pea-nut. He said:
"Oh, that won't do! You're wasting them. You must scrape them."
So we scraped them and that was harder work than peeling. They are such an
extraordinary shape, potatoes - all bumps and warts and hollows. We worked steadily for flve-
and twenty minutes and did four potatoes. Then we struck. We said we should require the rest of
the evening for scraping ourselves.
I never saw such a thing as potato-scraping for making a fellow in a mess. It seemed
difficult to believe that the potato-scrapings in which Harris and I stood, half smothered could
have come off four potatoes. It shows you what can be done with economy and care.
George said it was absurd to have only four potatoes in an Irish stew, so we washed half a
dozen or so more and put them in without peeling. We also put in a cabbage and about half a
peck
5
of peas. George stirred it all up, and then he said that there seemed to be a lot of room to
spare, so we overhauled both the hampers, and picked out all the odds and ends and the
remnants, and added them to the stew. There were half a pork pie and a bit of cold boiled bacon
1
a picturesque village on the bank of the Thames.
2
windows with small panes set in
3
a town on the river Thames, Berkshire, South England. It is an important town for engineering, transport and
scientific research. It is also important for its cattle and corn markets. It is proud of its university which specializes
in agriculture.
4
a thick stew of mutton, onion and potatoes
5
a measure for dry goods equal to two gallons. Half a peck is equal approximately to four litres.
Составитель: и.о. доц. Гринько А.В.
КГУ им. И. Арабаева, институт Лингвистики, кафедра Лингвистики
33
left, and we put them in. Then George found half tin of potted salmon, and he emptied that into
the pot.
He said that was the advantage of Irish stew: you got rid of such a lot of things. I fished
out a couple of eggs that had got cracked, and we put those in. George said they would thicken
the gravy.
I forget the other ingredients, but I know nothing was wasted; and I remember that
towards the end, Montmorency, who had evinced great interest in the proceedings throughout,
strolled away with an earnest and thoughtful air, reappearing, a few minutes afterwards, with a
dead water-rat in his mouth, which he evidently wished to present as his contribution to the
dinner; whether in a sarcastic spirit, or with a general desire to assist, I cannot say.
We had a discussion as to whether the rat should go in or not. Harris said that he thought
it would be all right, mixed up with the other things, and that every little helped; but George
stood up for precedent! He said he had never heard of water-rats in Irish stew, and he would
rather be on the safe side, and not try experiments.
Harris said:
"If you never try a new thing how can you tell what it's like? It's men such as you that hamper
the world's progress. Think of the man who first tried German sausage!"
6
It was a great success, that Irish stew. I don't think I ever enjoyed a meal more. There was
something so fresh and piquant about it. One's palate gets so tired of the old hackneyed things:
here was a dish with a new flavour, with a taste like nothing else on earth.
And it was nourishing, too. As George said, there was good stuff in it. The peas and
potatoes might have been a bit softer, but we all had good teeth, so that did not matter much; and
as for the gravy, it was a poem - a little too rich, perhaps, for a weak stomach, but nutritious.
сказочный уголок, утопать в розах, настоящая сельская гостиница, сельские новости,
причудливые комнаты, решетчатые окна, шикарный ужин, по части стряпни, собирать
хворост, беззаботность.
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