Упр. 3. Определите значения выделенных слов по контексту.
1. The atomic numbers of helium and neon arc 2 and 10, those of
lithium and sodium arc
one greater (3 and 11). 2. The elements 3,11,19,
37, 55 and 87 arc very
reactive chemically. 3. The sky in summer is often
blue, but air is
colourless. 4. The properties of the elements Li, Na, K, Rb,
Cs and Fr resemble each other, and those of their compounds arc
similar.
5. The horizontal
rows of the periodic tabic arc callcd periods.
6
. The
seventh period on which the elements 106 and 107 have a hypothetical
cxistcncc is callcd
incomplete. 7. Chemists
speak about the recurrence of
properties, bccausc similar properties do occur again and again in every
next period.
Слова к тексту:
cleavage — расщепление; congencr — принадлежащий к одному роду;
arbitrary — произвольный, случайный; vary — изменяться; dependence—
зависимость; connection — связь
Text 3 В
Прочтите текст про себя (контрольное время чтения — б минут).
The Periodic Table of the Elements
One of the most valuable parts o f chcmical theory is the periodic law.
In its modem form this law states simply that the properties of the chcmical
elements arc not arbitrary, but depend upon the electronic structure of the
atom and vary with the atomic number in a systematic way. The important
point is that this dependence involves periodicity that shows itself in the
periodic rccurrcncc of characteristic properties.
For example, the elements with atomic numbers 2,10,18,36,54, and
86
are all chemically inert gases. Similarly, the elements with atomic
numbers one greater— namely 3,11,19,37,55, and 87 arc all light metals
that arc very reactive chemically. These six metals — lithium (3), sodium
(11), potassium ( 19), rubidium (37), cesium (55) and francium (87)— all
rcact with chlorine and form colourless salts that crystallize in cubes and
show a cubic cleavage. The chcmical formulas
of these salts arc similar;
LiCI, NaCl, KC
1
, RbCI, CsCl, and FrCl. The composition and
properties
of other compounds of these six metals are correspondingly similar, and
different from those of other elements.
The horizontal rows of the periodic table arc callcd periods: they consist
o f a very short period (containing hydrogen and helium, atomic numbers
1
and
2
), two short periods of
8
elements each, two long periods of 18
elements each, a very long period of 32 elements, and an incomplete period.
The vertical columns o f the periodic table, with connections between
the short and
long periods as shown, arc the groups o f chemical elements.
Elements in the same group arc sometimes callcd congcncrs; these elements
have closely related physical and chcmical properties.
23
Упр. 4. Скажите, узнали ли вы что-нибудь новое из этого текста.
Если да, то что именно?
Упр. 5. Разделите текст на тематические части и озаглавьте их.
Упр. б. Скажите, что говорится в тексте:
1) о строении периодической таблицы; 2) о периодах; 3) о группах
элементов; 4) о том, как выявляется периодичность химических и фи
зических свойств элементов.
Унр. 7. Найдите в тексте современную формулировку периодичес
кого закона и переведите ее на русский язык.
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