Ex. 3. Pay attention to the following way оГ word-building:
основа глагола +
-tion [Jn] —»
сушсствитслыюс
consideration, contribution, direction, prediction, calculation, foundation,
intensification
основа глагола +
-er (-
or) [»] —» существительное
teacher, researcher, founder, discoverer, writer, worker, explorer, observer,
learner, receiver, speaker, visitor
основа слова + -ic [lk] —»
прилагательное
periodic, characteristic,
specific, energetic, economic, scientific, historic
Ex. 4. Give the initial forms of the following words:
served, greatest, making, shows, placed, properties, researches, ideas,
hypotheses, theories, laid, closed, villages, areas, said, tried
Ex. 5. Define what parts of speech the italicized words belong to:
1
. The periodic system of the
elements was the greatest contribution
to chcmistry. 2. It was
really the work of a genius. 3. It
adds much to the
present knowledge. 4. The clement No. 10
1
bears the name of Mendeleyev.
5. The periodic system is the
basis of modem teaching on substanccs.
Text 2 A
The World’s Greatest Chemist
The periodic system of the chcmical elements by Mendeleyev has long
sincc served as the greatest history-making contribution to the study of
nature. As any work of genius it shows two characteristic features: it adds
more to the present knowledge, and it fruitfully develops along different
directions in future.
It allowed to predict in advance the existence and properties of yet
undiscovered elements. Many outstanding researchers owe to it, to a
considerable degree, the ideas of their experiments, calculations, hypotheses
and theories. Take, for example, the German Otto Hahn, who discovered
the fission of the uranium nucleus. Or the
American Glenn Scaborg who
led a group of researchers that obtained, in laboratory conditions, a number
of elements, including mcndclcvium, named in honour of Mendeleyev.
That element bears the name of the great Russian scientist not only bccausc
Mendeleyev laid the foundation of the modem science of atom, but also
bccausc he drew his colleagues’ special attention to uranium (No. 92),
which at the time had closed his periodic table. A long train o f
transuraniums followed the once “final” uranium.
“The Mendeleyev system has served for almost 100 years as a key to
discovering new elements,’’ Scaborg wrote in 1955. It has retained its key
capacity until now.
12
To commcmoratc Mendeleyev himself, the Soviet researchers named
many newly discovered things on the earth or in the outer space after him:
a crater on the “back” side of the Moon, an underwater ridge in the Arctic
Ocean and the mineral mcndclcycviic. Villages, streets and establishments
such as the Moscow Institute of Chemical Technology, the Tobolsk
Pedagogical Institute, the All-Russian Institute o f Meteorology, the
Museum of the St. Petersburg University building (where the scientist
lived), the All-Russian Chcmical Socicty, etc. have got Mendeleyev’s name.
Mendeleyev, the explorer of nature, has found real immortality in
his pasting heritage. The periodic system hasn’t crumbled with time; on
the contrary, its structure has expanded. At present it is the basis of
modem teaching on substanccs, the structure of matter, atoms and nuclear
energy.
“The greatest chemist of the world” — this is Mendeleyev’s fame
among modem chcmists. Yes, he, the founder of modem chemistry and, to
a large degree, of modem physics, considered physical chcmistry his main
subjcct, while he successfully dealt with problems in different areas, from
mathematics and astronomy to meteorology, from philosophy to economics,
from technology to art. “He has penetrated everywhere,” the great Russian
poet Alexander Blok once said.
Mendeleyev’s notes on “three services to the Motherland” arc quite
interesting. He places work as an explorer of nature at the first placc.
He devoted himself to it. He tried to make his experimental and theore
tical results serve socicty. He also devoted much of his effort to teaching,
to the spread o f knowledge. Finally, the third important task in
Mendeleyev’s life was to do his best for the economic and industrial
progress of Russia.
Mendeleyev’s dreams have come true. As long as seventy years ago
the British magazine
Nature (of February 24,1934) wrote that in Russia
scientists like Mendeleyev are valued and their works help to intensify the
development
of science, technology and industry.
Words and Word-Combinations to Be Memorized
almost, attention, basis, bear, calculation, characteristic, chcmical, chcmist,
chcmistry, contribution, develop, devote, direction, draw attention, element,
existence, feature, found, knowledge, lay the foundation, modem, nature,
outstanding, period, periodic, predict, present, at present, property, researcher,
revolution, scientist, special, structure, subject, substancc, system
Ex. 6. Give the Russian equivalents for the following:
the greatest chcmist, the periodic system of the elements, any work,
characteristic features, to predict in advance, undiscovered elements, an
outstanding researcher, lay the foundation of smth., modem science, special
attention, nuclear energy, deal with smth., devote oneself to, do one’s best,
chcmical socicty
13
изучение природы, свойства элементов, носить имя кого-л., вели*
кий русский химик, современная химия, обратить внимание на что-л.,
назвать чьим-л. именем, всероссийский институт, наоборот, в на
стоящее время, физическая химия, основной предмет, мечты осу
ществились
Ex. 8. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where ncccssary.
Достарыңызбен бөлісу: