Список литературы
[1] Каменков Т.В. Избранные труды. Т. 1,2. М. Наука. 1971
[2] Камматов К.К. О колебаниях в некоторых существенно нелинейных системах. Дифференциальные
уравнения. 1971
[3] Камматов К.К. Устойчивость и колебания существенно нелинейных систем. Монография. Алматы.
Наука. 2002
[4] Камматов К.К., Шамбилова Г.К., Махатова В.Е. Необходимые и достаточные условия существования
колебаний квазилинейных систем с медленно меняющимися коэффициентами. Алматы. 2005
УДК 378.14.014.13
УДК 004.056.5: 004.75
ВСТРОЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА РЕАЛЬНОГО ВРЕМЕНИ КАК ОСНОВА
ИННОВАЦИОННОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В МИРЕ
Мкртчян В.С., Матвеева Э.Ф.
ФГБОУ ВПО «Астраханский государственный университет», Астрахань
hhhuniversity@hotmail.com, elvira107@rambler.ru
В настоящее время уделяется большое внимание вопросам разработки программного обеспечения
встроенных вычислительных систем (ПО ВВС). В бытовой технике давно используются встроенные управляющие
системы. Парфенов В.В., Терехов А.Н. в своих публикациях дают определение встроенной системы: «понимается
система, которая погружена во внешнюю среду, частью которой может быть человек (оператор, пользователь);
управляется вычислительной системой; представляет собой взаимодействующую совокупность программных и
аппаратных элементов; взаимодействует с внешней средой посредством обмена дискретными сигналами,
удовлетворяя определенным ограничениям на время приема и обработки входного сигнала и выдачи
соответствующих выходных сигналов» [11, с.1 – 2]. Ключев А.О., Кустарев П.В., Ковязина Д.Р., Петров Е.В.
исследуют технологию программирования и программное обеспечение встроенных вычислительные систем [10].
Они обращают внимание на то, что «в подавляющем большинстве случаев программное обеспечение
встраиваемой системы нельзя рассматривать в отрыве от аппаратного обеспечения, конструкции и особенностей
окружения, необходимо понимать, что проектируется не часть системы, а система целиком [10, с.5]. В
публикациях проф. В.С. Мкртчяна много внимания уделяется облачной образовательно-исследовательской
платформе университета [2 – 9].
Встроенные системы реального времени (embeddedsystems) или, по другой терминологии кибер-
физические системы (cyber-physicalsystems) – это единый комплекс взаимодействующих вычислительных,
коммуникационных,
технологических,
образовательных,
исследовательских,
инженерных
(физических,
химических, биологических и других) процессов. В таких системах встроенные (в реальных физический мир)
компьютеры (любые) непосредственно воздействуют на внешние физические процессы и в свою очередь
действуют под их влиянием. Вычисление (работа программного обеспечения) и управляемые коммуникационные,
технологические, образовательные, исследовательские, инженерные (физические, химические, биологические и
другие) процессы становятся единым целым; предсказать и понять любую из этих частей в отрыве от другой
невозможно. Если части такой системы (например, несколько вычислительных устройств, оснащенных
микропроцессорами) общаются друг с другом, в указанное единство добавляется третий компонент: процесс
240
коммутации (все чаще сетевой). Данную область часто обозначают символом
C
3
(Computation
∙
Control
∙
Communication). В современном мире, когда цифровые процессоры повсеместно в качестве ключевых
компонентов автономных устройств непосредственно (без участия человека) применяются для управления, и их
взаимодействие через систему коммуникации, очевидно, то очевидно так же кардинальное изменение
информационной среды. В университете управления и информационно-коммуникационных технологий (Сидней,
Австралия) совместно с Астраханским государственным университетом, при поддержке правительства Российской
Федерации с 2010 года ведутся исследования по признанной приоритетной области C
3
, в частности, по
применению в образовании. Созданная облачная образовательно-исследовательская платформа представляет из
себя типичную встроенную систему.
Область электронного обучения находится в стадии становления и существенно зависит от развития
технических возможностей взаимодействия ученик-учитель и образовательных технологий. На пути к созданию
эффективного обучения, с помощью инструментов электронного образования, лежит недостаточная координация
действий сторон, обеспечивающих учебный процесс; невозможность совершенствовать электронное обучение в
отрыве от современных информационных, компьютерных и др. технологий; использование сторонами учебного
процесса разнородного программного обеспечения [1, 2, 3].
В настоящее время формируется международный, неправительственный консорциум ученых для
исследования области C
3
непосредственно на облачной образовательно-исследовательской платформе
университета.
Список литературы
1. Катаев М.Ю., Кориков А.М., Мкртчян В.С. Концепция электронного образования на основе технологии Аvatar //
Доклады Томского государственного университета систем управления и радиоэлектроники. №2 (28), 2013. С.95 –
100
2. Катаев М.Ю., Кориков А.М., Мкртчян В.С. Технологические аспекты проектирования виртуальной
интегрированной образовательной среды // Доклады Томского государственного университета систем управления
и радиоэлектроники. №4 (30), 2013. С.125 – 129
3. Kataev, M., Korikov, A., Mkrttchian, V. Education Technology in Virtual Space with help of Avatars. In Innovations in
Information and Communication Science and Technology, Third Postgraduate Consortium International Workshop. E.
Cooper, G.A. Kobzev, A.F. Uvarov, and V.V. Kryssanov (Eds.), (pp. 253-258). Tomsk– Kusatsu 2013, TUSUR Press.
4. Mkrttchian, V. Use ‘hhh” technology in transformative models of online education. In Kurubacak, G., & Vokan Yuzer,
T. (Eds), Handbook of research on transformative online education and liberation: Models for social equality (pp. 340-
351). Hershey, PA: 2011, IGI Global.
5. Mkrttchian, V. Avatar manager and student reflective conversations as the base for describing meta-communication
model. In Demiray, U., Kurubacak, G., & Vokan Yuzer, T. (Eds), Meta-communication for reflective online conversations:
Models for distance education (pp. 75-101). Hershey, PA: 2012, IGI Global.
6. Mkrttchian, V., Stephanova G. Training of Avatar Moderator in Sliding Mode Control. In Eby, G., & Vokan Yuzer, T.
(Eds). Project Management Approaches for Online Learning Design (pp. 175-203).Hershey, PA: 2013, IGI Global.
7. Mkrttchian, V., Training of Avatar Moderator in Sliding Mode Control Environment for Virtual Project Management. In.
Enterprise Resource Planning: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. (pp. 1376-1405)
Hershey, PA: 2013,
IRMA & IGI Global.
8. Mkrttchian, V., Kataev M., Hwang W., Bedi S., Fedotova A., Using Plug-Avatars “hhh” Technology Education as
Service-Oriented Virtual Learning Environment in Sliding Mode. In Eby, G., & Vokan Yuzer, T. (Eds). Emerging Priorities
and Trends in Distance Education: Communication, Pedagogy, and Technology. (pp. 43-55) Hershey, PA: 2014, IGI
Global.
9. Mkrttchian, V. Modeling using of Triple H-Avatar Technology in online Multi-Cloud Platform Lab. In Mehdi Khosrow-
Pour (Ed). Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology (3
rd
Ed.). Hershey, PA: 2014, IGI Global.
10. Ключев А.О., Кустарев П.В., Ковязина Д.Р., Петров Е.В. Программное
обеспечение встроенных вычислительные систем. – СПб.: СПбГУ ИТМО, 2009. – 212 с.
11. Парфенов В.В., Терехов А.Н.RTST – технология программирования встроенных систем реального времени
[Электронный ресурс] http://www.math.spbu.ru/user/ant/all_articles/048_Terekhov_Parfenov_RTST.pdf
УДК 37.315.7
TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
Мухтарова С.К.
Кафедра методики преподавания иностранного языка АГУ
There are many great ways to integrate technology into the foreign language classroom. The internet alone is full
of resources that can help with second language acquisition. However, writing about the internet in general would be
very time consuming, because there is so much out there. Therefore, we will be focusing specifically on YouTube, Skype,
and SMART Boards, and the advantages/disadvantages to using these technologies in the classroom.
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Founded in February 2005, YouTube is the world's most popular online video community, allowing millions of
people to discover, watch, and share originally-created videos. YouTube provides a forum for people to connect, inform,
and inspire others across the globe and acts as a distribution platform for original content creators and advertisers both
large and small. Read the full company history. YouTube has become increasingly popular with teachers in terms of
sharing videos with their students in order to help them better understand a lesson, or to collaborate with other teachers
to share classroom and instructional ideas. In order to use YouTube, the user must have access to a computer with an
internet connection and working speakers if they wish to hear the video. In order to upload videos to YouTube, the user
must have the videos currently uploaded to their computer.
Skype is free software which allows users to connect with other Skype users around the globe. It is similar to
making a phone call, and has audio as well as video capabilities. It can be forwarded to any phone, and can take both
audio and video messages. Skype can be downloaded to any computer, as well as many other devices, such as iPhone,
Nokia, Android, and Sony-Ericsson phones. Many educators are embracing Skype as a valuable asset in the classroom,
as it allows them to connect with students, parents, and teachers face to face, without having to leave the classroom. As
it becomes a more and more popular tool in the classroom, Skype executives are responding by setting up a directory
where teachers can search for and connect with other teachers and resources. The directory will allow teachers to
search by subject and region, and is set to be launched in December, 2010. In order to use Skype software, the user
must have access to a computer with an internet connection, as well as a webcam, if they wish to use the video feature.
According to SMART Technologies, SMART boards "combine the simplicity of a whiteboard with the power of a
computer." SMART boards are "interactive whiteboards" that have touch-sensitive displays. SMART boards are hooked
up to computers and are used to control the computer that they are hooked up to. Furthermore, SMART board users can
write right on the SMART board with digital ink, meaning it shows up on the screen of the computer without actually
writing on the board. SMART boards also come with special software so teachers can save any and all notes that are
taken on the SMART board. There is also a wide variety of software available for purchase that makes it easy to make
games, puzzles, etc., and use them with the SMART board in a classroom.
Using YouTube in a can be a big advantage in a foreign language classroom. There are over 200,000 videos uploaded
per day and within those 200,000 videos are some videos that will aid students in learning a language, whether is a silly
Spanish love song , or it's just vocabulary .
YouTube for students
You can do more research on a subject you are struggling with by searching it on YouTube. This can help to give
ideas and maybe a better understanding than just looking in a book. YouTube can make the subject more accessible to
students.
It gives students a chance to look up native speakers of the language they are currently studying. Sometimes, it
is nice to be able to hear someone who has spoken the language their whole life in comparison to someone who has
only studied it.
For projects or skits, the students can easily upload their videos to YouTube instead of having to put it on a disk
or tape and bringing it into class. This way, it would just be on the internet. This also gives students more accessible
means to a recorder. If the students had to use a tape recorder, they would have to edit everything in their school's AV
room, whereas with YouTube, they can use their digital camera's video recorder to put it online and edit it right on their
computer in the comfort of their own home.
Students are able to build on their current ideas by searching the archive of videos on YouTube. They can find
videos others have put up on that subject.
If a teacher has uploaded their lecture online to YouTube, students that are sick, absent or even for snow days
are able to view the lesson by going on the internet instead of having to ask someone for their notes. This way, the
student is also able to understand exactly what the teacher meant, because they are watching them give the lesson.
YouTube for Teachers
Teachers are able to upload videos to YouTube to give extra help in understanding the lesson better for students,
this gives students a reference when they get lost or can't remember how to conjugate a verb for example.
One teacher in Colorado even went as far as to upload all of his lessons on YouTube, then would give his
students the link that night, and then the next day they would do their homework in class, and if they had questions
they could ask them.
Teachers are able to reach out to students that may have missed class due to being sick or snow days or even
vacation. This makes it less work for the teachers to have to go back and re-explain the lesson. If there is additional
information teachers want to relay to their students that the video didn't explain, there is a spot for a description, and
even points in the video that you can add a caption in.
If teachers do upload their lessons to YouTube and the students have questions, there is a spot for comments
and the students could ask their questions there and could potentially receive feedback from the teacher or from other
students in the class.
Teachers are able to find videos that others have put up in order to relate it back to their lesson.
Teachers are able to share their ideas for a lesson plan with other teachers in their same field.Teachers are able
to pull ideas for a lesson plan from videos uploaded by other educators.
Teachers are able to make their lessons private to just their students. Another advantage to YouTube is there are
videos that will explain how to utilize features like these, for example YouTube 101: Private Sharing.
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There is a website, www.khanacademy.org, and their goal is to teach the world, about the world, with the use of
online videos. The website is designed to eventually be the world's first free virtual school and the founder, Salman
Khan, has uploaded over a 1,000 videos to YouTube to share these lessons to the world. This may very well be our
future as educators.
There are many advantages to using Skype in the classroom. With the ability to have face-to-face chat with
users anywhere in the world, one can imagine the possibilities! Not only can students and teachers use Skype to have
conversations, but they are also able to use document sharing and conference with more than just two individuals.
Skype for students
Students can explore other cultures. Instead of learning about different cultures from a book, students can see it
in action, and get information from people who live in those cultures themselves.
Students can have modern day pen-pals. Instead of writing letters or emails to pen-pals in another country and
waiting for a response, students learning a foreign language can have live chats with native speakers. This will help
them to learn pronunciation, colloquial expressions, and learn about other cultures. They will have to think on their feet
and converse in real time.
Students can use it to get help with grammar and vocabulary question. Students can use Skype to connect with
their teacher, fellow students, tutors, or even their “pen-pal” to ask questions about homework, essays, and studying.
Students can collaborate and do group work from within their own homes. One of the reasons group work can be
difficult is that students may not have the ability to get together with fellow students after school or on the weekend.
With Skype, students do not need to leave home to do group projects. With the ability to send documents,
presentations, video clips, and photos, students are able to collaborate very effectively, regardless of their location.
It can be used before, during, and after traveling with an exchange program. Students and teachers can meet
host families and exchange students prior to traveling, which would lend more comfort and confidence to the exchange
process. Also, it allows exchange students to call home while traveling abroad. Lastly, students will also be able to
continue to keep in touch with host families for years to come.
It can be used for absent students and on snow days. Students can connect with teachers on days that they are
out sick, and even watch the class if they are well enough to learn but are not well enough to be in school. On snow
days, provided all students have access, class can be conducted without risking the drive. It can even be used to include
students who have been suspended from school. That way, even if students or teachers can not be in the classroom,
there is no reason to fall behind.
Skype for parents
Parent-teacher conferences can be conducted with Skype. With hectic schedules, it can be difficult to schedule a
time when both parents can visit the school for a conference. Many parents travel with their jobs, or work schedules
which may not be conducive to keeping in touch. Skype can be used with one or both parents so that they can be
engaged in their child’s education, regardless of any obstacles which would keep them from physically being in the
school. A parent could even conference with the teacher face-to-face during a short break.
Schools can broadcast performances and games for those who cannot make it. Students whose parents are
unable to physically be on location for a performance or game of any kind can still watch live and be included in the
extra-curriculars!
Skype for educators
Built in recording allows students to track their work. With built-in recording capabilities, students can record
conversations with a pen-pal or tutor via Skype so that teachers can go back and see how students are progressing,
what steps they are taking to improve, and how the teacher can effectively help students with any trouble spots.
Teachers can collaborate to plan lessons. With the ability to send and view documents over Skype, collaboration
is easy, instantaneous, and personal.
It can be used for mentor purposes. Teachers can have a mentor watch their classroom and provide feedback or
give advice so that they can adapt their teaching strategies to be most effective!
There are also many advantages of using SMART boards in the foreign language classroom.
SMART Boards for Teachers
There are many ways that SMART boards can be used to the advantage of any teacher, but there are also things
that would be of use to a foreign language teacher. First of all, all of the things that a teacher writes on a SMART board
can be saved directly on the computer. Therefore, if a teacher wants to see what he/she said during the previous class,
all she needs to do is bring up that page of notes. Furthermore, the SMART board program can translate these notes to
type, so the teacher could save all notes in any word processor as well. Next, SMART boards allow the integration of
other technology as well. For instance, a teacher can easily attach a camera and use it to take pictures during class and
display them on the SMART board. Finally, common programs, such as Microsoft Word, Powerpoint, and Excel, are well
suited to SMART boards. This means that a teacher could very easily use a SMART board to teach students how to
format a paper in Microsoft Word, create transitions in a Powerpoint presentation, or find the sum of a column of
numbers in Excel. Any way you look at it, there are advantages to using SMART boards as a teacher.
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SMART Boards for Students
There are many advantages of having a SMART board in the classroom to students as well. First, a teacher can
let the students interact with the SMART board. This way, the students are not just watching the teacher, the students
are getting out of their seats and being active. This would most likely increase students' interest in the subject by
making lessons more fun. Next, the teacher can vary instruction for the students in other ways, too. There are many
programs available to download/purchase that can do anything from creating a version of Jeopardy, to creating
flashcards for the students to study as a group. These would also most likely increase student engagment and levels of
fun. Finally, SMART boards are a tool that can help students with disabilities as well. Some students, including but not
limited to students with Profound and Multiple Learning Disabilities, Autistic Spectrum Disorder, and Severe Learning
Disabilities can benefit from this technology. Some of these students are unable to hold pens, much less write. Using
SMART boards, all you need is a finger, making learning possible despite not being able to use pens and pencils. Other
students find it difficult to concentrate in class, which we have already discussed can be remedied, at least partly, using
SMART boards.
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