E. AKZHIGITOVA, Lecturer, Master of Arts (foreign philology)
Shakarim State University of Semey
THE GENIUS OF THE KAZAKH POET ABAI
This article is about the great poet, philosopher, thinker, composer, educator of Kazakh people in
the nineteenth century Abai Kunanbay. Despite nor the era of colonial oppression, nor feudal-
bourgeois system with all its limitations, when rot and humiliation of people, he was able to raise an
unprecedented height resistance of the national spirit, singing and introducing into the consciousness
of their fellow tenacity and boldness instead cowardice, the pursuit of knowledge, rather than
ignorance and miserable careerism.
Keywords: Abai, poet, philosopher, thinker, composer.
Today the name of Abai for many people in all
the continents stands par with the names of
Shakespeare, Goethe, Pushkin and Moliere. Abai is a
great poet, philosopher, thinker, composer, educator
of Kazakh people in the nineteenth century. Despite
nor the era of colonial oppression, nor feudal-bourgeois
system with all its limitations, when rot and humiliation
of people, he was able to raise an unprecedented height
resistance of the national spirit, singing and introducing
into the consciousness of their fellow tenacity and
boldness instead cowardice, the pursuit of knowledge,
rather than ignorance and miserable careerism.
AbaiKunanbay was born (July 29) August 10,
1845 in Chingiz Mountains Semipalatinsk region, in the
family of a feudal lord KunanbaiUskenbaev. His family
was aristocratic, that is why Abaireceived a broad
education. He attended a madrasah - Islamic school,
is a both a high school and seminary.
Ibrahim (his real name) was lucky in the sense
of coziness and family education, as his mother Ulzhan
and grandmother Zere were extremely gifted and
charming natures. Due to his attentiveness and
thoughtfulness, which differentiated him from other
children, his mother changed his name to " Abai".
Homeschooling and introduction to the folklore, which
were started in early childhood, was continued at
madrassas of Imam Ahmad Riza. At the same time
Abaistudied at Russian school and by the end of the
five-year study began to write poetry. Hegel wrote that
philosophy is an epoch grasped in thought. However,
to grasp in thought the era, it must be a thinker in the
highest sense of the word. AbaiKunanbayev was among
one of these thinkers in the second half of 19th century
in Kazakhstan. In this case, under thinker we do not
mean someone who works as a monk locked in a
narrow cell, delving into ancient manuscripts and trying
to fish out some important laws of social development.
Despite that Abaibelonged to the elite of Kazakh society,
he never fenced himself from the disaster and needs
ofordinary people. On the contrary, as a philosopher,
he lived with what his people lived, shared with them
their pain and deprivation. Joys were little, but how he
could live and enjoy himself? Abai's feat, in fact his whole
life was a real feat and only about the interest of his
people, their pain reflected on his big heart, the heart of
philosopher and person. Wealth and cattle did not
concern him. As a thinker and patriot of his homeland,
his heart was crying blood, as he knew all the needs
and hopes of his people in order to be satisfied with
surroundings. Communication with exiled Russian social
democrats, E.P.Mihoelis, N.Dolgopolov and S.Gross,
gave impetus to his potential abilities. Abai's treatment
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mind and heart argued, who among them is necessary
to person. After they found out that cannot reach the
agreement, they turned to Science for help. As I said,
get together let heart guide you! If this happens and
all of you gather in one person, so he will become
righteous. Dust from the soles of his feet will heal the
blinds. Harmony and purity of life is the main meaning
of the great world. If you won’t be able to unite, then
I will give preference to the heart – the king of human
life, thus Science resolve the dispute” [Word
seventeenth]. “Words of edification” is like conclusion
and result of life. “Lived I good life up until now, but
when we can already see the end of the path, when
the soul exhausted and tired. I am convinced that my
good intentions being ineffective in the vanity and frailty
of human life. “I am truly dead, despite that I am exist.
I cannot understand the reason: whether weak
disappointment to relatives, whether in the rejection
of himself or something else. In appearance I am quite
healthy, as dead inside. Even if laugh I do not feel joy.
No matter what I tell you, if I laugh - all this as not
mine, but someone else”. “I do not understand how
do I treat my nation: do I dislike or love them? – If I
loved them, without any doubt I would agree its morals
and among other characters found out even one to be
proud of. My love would not allow the faith to go out,
as if my people have such qualities inherent of great
people. However, I do not have that faith”, – draws a
line Abai.
Shaping Abai’s worldview was influenced by
poets and scholars of the East who shared humanistic
ideas (Ferdowsi, AlisherNavoi, Nizami, Fuzuli, Ibn
Sina and others), as well as works of Russian classics,
and through them, and European literature in general.
He translated Krylov, Lermontov, Pushkin, Goethe
and Byron. Characteristic of the history of the poem
"Karangytunde tau kalgyp" ("Mountains slumber in the
dark of the night"), which became a folk song.
Abai contributed to the spread of Russian and
European culture amongKazakhs. According to the
Soviet literature, Abai ridiculed some tribal customs
of village, acted "against the slave status of women"
and "against the social evil and ignorance."
In the history of Kazakh literature Abai took
pride place, enriching the Kazakh versification by new
dimensions and rhymes. He introduced a new poetic
form: octave, hexastich and others.
Abaiis the author of about 170 poems and 56
translations. Abai was also a talented and original
composer. He created about two dozen tunes that are
popular these days.
AbaiKunanbay had a great influence on the
emergence of Kazakh national intelligentsia in the late
XIX - early XX centuries. Thus, the leaders of the
movement AlashOrdaconsidered Abai as a spiritual
leader of the revival of the Kazakh nation.
AlikhanBukeikhanov was the first biographer of Abai.
His article "Abai (Ibrahim) Kunanbay" - Kazakh
national poet was published in the newspaper
"Semipalatinsk leaf" in 1905.
The name of Abai is known worldwide just as
Shakespeare, Goethe, and Pushkin are well-known in
many countries, because his great words became a
spiritual patrimony of not only one nation, but of the
entire humankind.
References:
1.
Batyrbekova R. Studying heritage of Abai
at the beginning of the XX century // Kazakhstan Today.
- 1995 – 26.07. 8p.
2.
Kalmyrzaev A.S. Aesthetic in the works
of Abai- Almaty, 1979 -160 p.
3. Tayzhanov A.T., M.O. Auezov - myslitel-
Alma-Ata: Gylym, 1991- 167p.
4. M.Auezov in flashback of contemporaries-
Alma-Ata: Zhazushy, 1972 - 359 p.
5. M.O. Auezov: Collection of articles to his
sixtieth birthday - Alma-Ata Univ. Academy of Sciences
of the Kazakh. SSR 1959- 255 p.
6. Myrzahmetuly M. Climbing Auezov to Abai.
- Almaty: Sanat, 1994 - 317 p.
7. http://e-history.kz/en/contents/view/1601
Резюме
Бұл мақала қазақ халқының ХІХ ғасырдағы ағартушыcы, ұлы ақын, философ, ойшыл,
композитор Абай Құнанбаев туралы.
АБАЙТАНУ
2015 №3 (28)
Резюме
This article is about the great poet, philosopher, thinker, composer, educator of Kazakh people of
the XIX century the Abay Kunanbayev