Using the Past Perfect Tense

Shortened forms (Қысқарған түрі)

1. 
   Read the following information about famous moments in history. The underline the correct form. Only one verb in each paragraph is past perfect.
   

1. 
   Columbus left Spain in August 1492 with three ships, to try and find a way to India by sailing west instead of east. When his ships a finally reached / had finally reached land on 12 October, he thought he was there, but the ships b actually arrived / had actually arrived in America instead.
   
2. 
   Captain Robert Scott wanted to reach the South Pole first. He and his companions finally arrived there on 1 January 1912 after a terrible journey across the ice, but c found / had found a Norwegian flag. Unfortunately for Scott, Roald Amundsen d got / had got there on 14 December, 18 days earlier.
   
3. 
   Leonardo painted his famous The Last Supper between 1495 and 1498, but the painting started to deteriorate within 50 years. The most common explanation for this used to be that Leonardo e used / had used the wrong kind of pain, but experts have always disagreed about this, and many believe that the restored / had restored the painting, and the public can now see it again.
   

2. Complete the sentence with the past simple or past perfect simple form of the verb in brackets.

1. 
   When I (try) tried to use my laptop, I realized the battery (run) down.
   
2. 
   I (turn) the computer off, but forgot that I (not save) my work.
   
3. 
   connection (stop) working.
   
4. 
   When I (receive) the e-mail, I couldn`t understand who (send) it.
   
5. 
   When I (check) the instructions, I understood what I (do)
   

6. 
   I knew I (receive) a virus when I (run) the anti-virus program.
   
7. 
   I knew I (press) the wrong key when nothing (happen)
   

8. 
   When the screen (go) blank, I couldn`t understand how it (happen) .
   

3. Read these sentences about Julius Caesar. Then complete the sentence with the past simple or past perfect form of the verb in brackets.

   1. 
      Julius Caesar (come) came from an aristocratic Roman family, thought his family was not rich by Roman standards.
      
   2. 
      When he was 15 his father (die) , and to avoid political problems in Rome, Caesar (serve) as a soldier in the east.
      

3. 
   He (become) a member of the Senate, and governor of what is now Spain.
   
4. 
   By the age of 40 he (rise) to the top of the political world, and (form) a political alliance with a powerful general, Pompey, and a rich man, Crassus.
   
5. 
   Between 58 BC and 49 BC he (fight) a war against the people of what are now France, Belgium, Switzerland and parts of Germany.
   
6. 
   By the end of this war, according to the historian Plutarch, three million men (die) .
   
7. 
   In 50 BC the Senate (order) Caesar to return to the Rome. By that time, Crassus was dead and Pompey (become) Caesar`s enemy.
   
8. 
   In the civil war that followed, Caesar (defeat) all his enemies.
   
9. 
   By the time a group of Roman senators (murder) him in 44 BC, he (be) the most powerful man in Rome for only a year.
   

4. Read the sentences about two mountain climbers. Then complete the sentence with the past perfect simple or past perfect continuous form of the verb in brackets.

   1. 
      The two climbers stopped to rest. They (climb) had been climbing for hours and were exhausted. Things were not looking good.
      
   2. 
      They were very cold, because it (snow) heavily since mid- morning, and one of them (hurt) his ankle.
      
   3. 
      They (look) for shelter for the past two hours, because they realized that the weather was going to get worse.
      
   4. 
      They (already phone) the rescue centre foe help.
      
   5. 
      They (also leave) details of their planned route at the village where they stayed the night.
      
   6. 
      They were experienced climbers and they (prepare) carefully for their trip. They knew there was a cave halfway up the mountain.
      
   7. 
      They spent a long time searching for the cave before they realized that they (head) in the wrong direction.
      

8. 
   Luckily they (bring) warm clothes and plenty of food with them, and they waited safely in the cave.