Учебное пособие для специальностей «Переводческое дело» и«Иностранный язык: два иностранных языка»
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| UNIT 3. ENGLISH IN CANADA
§ 1. General consideration Canadian English is the variety of English used in Canada. It has elements of British English in its vocabulary, as well as its own distinctive Canadianisms. In many areas, speech is influenced by French, and there are notable local variations. Yet, Canada has very little dialectal diversity compared to Britain or the United States. Canadian phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and vocabulary for most of Canada are similar to that of the United States. Due to this, American English and Canadian English are oftenes grouped together under the name North American English. 150 Canadian English is the product of four waves of immigration and settlement over a period of almost two centuries. The first large wave of permanent English- speaking settlement in Canada, and linguistically the most important, was the influx of British Loyalists fleeing from the American Revolution, chiefly from the Mid- Atlantic States. The second wave of immigration from Britain and Ireland was encouraged by the governors of Canada after the War of 1812, since they were worried about the anti-English sentiment rising among its citizens. Other waves of immigration from all around the globe peaking in 1910 and 1960 made a less significant impact, but they did make Canada a multicultural country, ready to accept linguistic changes from around the world during the current period of globalization. § 2. Phonetics Canadian pronunciation is a mixture of both British and American distinctive features. The pronunciation of certain words is influenced by the American speech, the pronunciation of others is due to the British influence. Some pronunciations are purely Canadian. However, despite all this pronunciation diversity, Canadian pronunciation in many cases is closer to the American one. Below are given some peculiarities noticeable in Canadian English. The name of the letter „ Z ‟ is normally the Anglo-European (and French) zed ; the American zee is not commonly used in Canada and, if used, is often stigmatized. In the words adult and composite , the stress is usually on the first syllable, as in Britain. Canadians side with the British on the pronunciation of lieutenant [lɛf‟tɛnənt], shone [ʃɒn], lever [‟livər], and some others. Schedule can sometimes be [„ʃɛdʒul] as in American English, though the British variant is also used rather often. The most common pronunciation of vase is [veɪz], as it is typical for American. Many words of the French origin, like niche , and croissant , have not been fully assimilated and are pronounced more like they would be pronounced in French: [niʃ] rather than [nɪtʃ], and [kɹə‟sɒn(t)] rather than [kɹə‟sænt]. Many Canadians pronounce asphalt as "ash-falt" [‟æʃfɒlt].This pronunciation is also common in Australian English, but not in General American English or British English. Diphthongal vowels such as [oʊ] in the word boat and [eɪ] as in the word bait have qualities much closer to monophthongs. жүктеу/скачать 1,38 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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