часть
бюджета
17.
to hire ['haɪə]
You should hire an experienced
[ɪk'spɪərɪənst] website designer.
нанимать на работу
Вам следует нанять опытного веб-сайт
дизайнера.
18.
essential [ɪ'senʃəl]
Advertising on the Internet is
essential nowadays.
важный; необходимый
Размещение рекламы в Интернете
абсолютно необходимо в наше время.
83
19.
working
environment
[ɪn'vaɪərənmənt]
Plan your working environment.
рабочее пространство
Правильно
организуйте
офисное
пространство.
20. to take a lot of care with smth
You should always take a lot of care
with decoration and lighting.
уделять большое внимание ч-л.
Всегда нужно тщательно продумывать
внутреннее
убранство
офиса
и
обеспечиватьть
в
нем
хорошее
освещение.
21. to believe
[bɪ'liːv] in smth
верить во ч-л
22. to be a success
[sək'ses]
You should be a huge [hjuːʤ]
success!
добиться успеха
Вы обязательно добьетесь больших
успехов!
IV. COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
1.
If you want to start your own business, what should you start by?
2.
What should you be able to work out?
3.
What else should you work out?
4.
What should you find out if someone else is already doing what you want to do?
5.
Why should you invest in a good designer?
6.
What should be a significant part of your bydget if you are offering a service?
7.
Whom should you hire if you want to advertise your product or service on the
Internet?
8.
Why should you take a lot of care with decoration and lighting?
9.
What is the most important thing in business?
2. SAY IF THE SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE. CORRECT
THE FALSE ONES
1. You should start your own business by having a party.
2. You should be able to work out how much money you will need to set up the
business
3. You should also work out how much you will make in the first few days.
4. If someone else is already doing what you want to do, you should give up the idea.
5. If you are going to sell a product, you should invest in a good shop assistant.
6. If you are offering a service, charity should be a significant part of your budget.
7. You should hire an experienced website designer, as advertising on the Internet is
essential nowadays.
8. You should always take a lot of care with furniture and uniforms, so you and your
employees enjoy working there.
9. The most important thing in business is that you believe in other people.
84
V. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERB
SHOULD
(МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ
SHOULD
)
Модальный глагол SHOULD [ʃ ud] имеет одну временную форму и
переводится как «должен», «следует» и др.).
В УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ
SHOULD ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ:
1. желательность/нежелательность действия (совет):
You should eat more fish, it's good for
health.
Тебе нужно (следует) есть больше
рыбы, это полезно для здоровья.
She shouldn’t miss classes.
Ей не следует пропускать уроки.
ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ:
Модальный глагол MUST выражает настоятельный совет, в то время как
использование модального глагола SHOULD означает: «было бы хорошо».
СРАВНИТЕ:
You should stop smoking. (= It would be
a good idea to …)
Тебе надо (хорошо бы) бросить
курить
.
85
You must stop smoking. (= I strongly
advise you to …)
Тебе надо (необходимо) бросить
курить.
2. предположение, основанное на фактах:
She's a hard working student, so she
should pass her exam.
Она много занимается, так что она
должна сдать экзамен;
В ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ
SHOULD УПОТРЕБЛЯЕТСЯ:
а) в риторических вопросах типа:
Why should I do it?
С какой стати я должен это делать?
How should I know?
Откуда мне знать?
86
б) в ситуациях, когда просят совета:
What do you think I should do?
Что мне делать, по-твоему?
VI. EXERCISES
1. Point out the meaning of the verb should and translate each sentence
1. You should always wear a life jacket when you go canoeing. 2. You should follow
a healthy diet. 3. You should go home as soon as possible. 4. The government should
do something about the economy. 5. You shouldn’t stay at home all day long
watching television. 6. Why should I help him? 7. He is very ambitious so he should
make a good career. 8. What should I tell her? 9. You shouldn’t work so hard. 10.
Do you think I should apply for this job? 11. It‟s 4 o‟clock. The children should be at
home. 12. Tom really shouldn't go out. 13. The price on this package is wrong. It
says 65 but it should be 50. 13. Should Paul book the restaurant?
2. Give advice using should or shouldn’t and the words in brackets
1. I've got a bad cough (smoke less). 2. I've got a bad headache (take a walk). 3. It's
raining heavily (wear a raincoat). 4. I'm afraid I'm going to miss the train (take a
taxi). 5. I don't know which dress to wear (wear the one that becomes you most). 6.
I'm afraid I won't be able to do it tomorrow (do it today). 7. He has a bad toothache
(see the dentist). 8. I'm going to visit Greece (learn a few words of Greek). 9. This
child doesn't want to eat soup (not give her sweets before dinner). 10. She makes lot
of spelling mistakes (copy passages out of a book). 11. The dog is afraid of him (not
shout at the dog). 12. Her diction is not very good (read aloud). 13. There is no one in
(to try the room next door).
3. Disagree about the advice using the words in brackets.
Example: It's about time to invite him to your place (not / like someone). - Why
should I? I don't like him.
1. You should go to bed now (not late / not sleepy). 2. You should help Bill with his
physics experiments (not / like physics). 3. I think Debby should buy a new car (old
car / quite good). 4. I think your husband should see a doctor (quite well). 5. Barry's
your friend, you should lend him some money (never / give back).
87
4. Give advice to these people. Use I think ... should or I don't think … should
Example: Peter‟s got a
very bad cold. - I think
he should go to bed. I
don’t think he should go
to work.
1. Jenny and Tony are
only sixteen, but they say
they want to get married.
2. I‟vе lost my credit
cards.
3. Keith wants to drive
home, but he hasn't gоt
his glasses.
4. My tooth hurts.
5. There's a hole in my
shoe. I only bought them
last week!
6. Ann's phone bill was
enormous! £300!
7. My children spend all
their pocket money on
sweets.
8. Kate's crying because
I pushed her. It was an
accident.
5. Joan doesn't always do the right thing. What does her mother advise her to
do?
Example: She doesn't do her homework. -
You should do your homework.
1.
She talks all the time.
2.
She never washes the dishes.
3.
She doesn't tidy her room.
4.
She eats lots of chocolate.
5.
She argues with her sisters.
6.
She doesn't put her clothes away.
7.
She never takes the dog for a walk.
6. Read the description and write sentences about each point, giving Andy
advice about his life, using the correct form of the verb in brackets. Sometimes
more than one answer is possible.
Example: Andy is very unhappy. He doesn't like his job (should). - He should find
another job.
1. He works very long hours for years (should not)…...............................................
2. He is overweight (should)………….…………………………………….……….
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3. He doesn't eat very healthy food (should)…………………………………….…
4. He doesn't take much exercise (should)…………………..…………………..….
5. His desk is very untidy (should)..…………………………………………….….
6. He owes a lot of money to his friends (shouldn't)..……………………………….
7. He would like to get a dog to keep him company (should).....................................
8. He is in love with Claire, but he is afraid to tell her (should)!................................
7. Work with your partner. Use the words in the box to complete the advice
below.
clothes
directions
funny
pay
shoes
silent
stomach
time
women
work
HOW TO BE THE
Perfect girlfriend
a) You should make an effort with
your clothes and you shouldn't cut
your hair: a man likes his girlfriend
to look feminine.
b) The way to a man's heart is
through his ___________. You
should cook for him, and if he's
really hungry, don't give him salad.
c) You must listen to him. He likes
explaining how things__________ .
d) You shouldn't ask him to help you
choose a pair of _________ . He
only has three pairs, and he thinks
that's enough.
e) You mustn't try to give him
_________. Christopher Columbus
didn't need them!
HOW TO BE THE
Perfect boyfriend
a) You must arrive on ___________
for dates - women hate it when you
keep them waiting.
b) You should __________ when you
go out. Women want to be equal, but
not that equal!
c) You should be __________. You
may be good-looking, well-dressed
and have the brains of Einstein, but if
you can't make her laugh, forget it.
d)
You
should
remain
_________.They want to do all the
talking – even if you stop listening,
pretend to be fascinated.
e) You mustn't talk about other
beautiful ___________, even famous
ones. She'll remember, and years later,
when you make a comment about her
cooking, she'll tell you to get Julia
Roberts to make your lunch.
8. Translate the sentences
A. 1. Вам следует сказать ему об этом. 2. Не следует вам так поздно там
оставаться. 3. Ей надо сейчас же пойти к врачу. 4. С какой стати я должен туда
ехать? 5. Им следует начать обсуждение пораньше. 6. Не следует говорить с
ней по-английски. 7. Вам нужно повернуть направо. 8. Откуда мне знать, где он
сейчас?
89
В. 1. Вам следует начать с составления бизнес-плана. 2. Вы должны быть в
состоянии посчитать, сколько денег вам понадобится для создания компании. 3.
Вам также следует посчитать, сколько вы заработаете в первые несколько лет.
4. Если вы собираетесь продавать продукт, вам необходимо вложить средства в
хорошего дизайнера. 5. Если вы предлагаете услугу, значительная часть
бюджета должна быть потрачена на рекламу. 6. Вам следует нанять опытного
дизайнера для создания сайта. 7. Вам нужно позаботиться о дизайне офиса и
его освещении.
90
VII. TEST
I. ВЫБЕРИТЕ СООТВЕТСТВУЮЩИЙ СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ
ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИХ ФОРМ.
1. David is very smart, he can speak four languages.
A. физическая способность совершить действие
B. умственная способность совершить действие
C. разрешение совершить действие
D. просьба
E. возможность действия
2. You can use my computer. I don‟t need it right now.
A. физическая способность совершить действие
B. умственная способность совершить действие
C. разрешение совершить действие
D. просьба
E. возможность действия
3. My dad can swim, ski and skate.
A. физическая способность совершить действие
B. умственная способность совершить действие
C. разрешение совершить действие
D. просьба
E. возможность действия
4. Could you show me around the town, please?
A. физическая способность совершить действие в прошлом
B. умственная способность совершить действие в прошлом
C. вежливая просьба
5. My sister could not read when she was three.
A. физическая или физическая неспособность совершить действие в прошлом
B. административный запрет
C. невозможность действия
6. You must do everything I tell you.
A. обязанность, приказание, приказ
B. внутренне осознанная необходимость
C. настоятельный совет, приглашение
D. вероятность, предположение
91
7. My friend is in hospital. I must visit him.
A. обязанность, приказание, приказ
B. внутренне осознанная необходимость
C. настоятельный совет, приглашение
D. вероятность, предположение
8. This book is very interesting. You really must read it.
A. обязанность, приказание, приказ
B. внутренне осознанная необходимость
C. настоятельный совет, приглашение
D. вероятность, предположение
9. May I try on this dress?
A. просьба о разрешении сделать ч-л
B. разрешение сделать ч-л
C. запрет
10. You shouldn’t smoke. It‟s bad for your health.
A. желательность/ нежелательность действия, совет
B. предположение, основанное на фактах
C. риторический вопрос
D. просьба дать совет
II. ПОСТРОЙТЕ ОБЩИЙ ВОПРОС И ОТРИЦАНИЕ.
1. Mike can run very fast.
2. Alice will be able to do this work tomorrow.
3. My grandfather had to walk five kilometers to school.
4. We were allowed to stay at home.
5. You may leave the classroom.
6. Linda is able to join us today.
7. She has to get up early every morning.
8. I have to work hard to pass all the tests.
9. We are allowed to smoke here.
10. Richard was able to stay two weeks with his parents.
III. ВЫБЕРИТЕ ПРАВИЛЬНЫЙ ВАРИАНТ.
1. … you skate when you were six?
a) could b) can c) may
2. You … sleep at lectures. It‟s impolite.
a) mustn‟t b) do not have to c) are not to
3. The guide … meet the group and take them to the hotel yesterday.
92
a) has to b) had to c) must
4. … I ask you a question?
a) Might b) May c) Must
5. It was Sunday and I … to get up early.
a) mustn‟t b) didn‟t have c) needn‟t
6. He … see nothing without his glasses.
a) can b) can‟t c) couldn‟t
7. .– I‟ve got a very bad cold.
– I think you … go to bed.
a) would b) are able to c) should
8. She is a hard working student, so she … pass her exam..
a) may b) might c) should
9. Mr. Lane isn‟t in his office. He … be on holiday, but I am not sure.
a) should b) may c) must
10. Tom can play football very well, but today he … play it. He has hurt his leg.
a) can‟t b) is not able c) isn‟t able to
11. I … drive now but next year I … drive.
a) can‟t; am able to b) couldn‟t; will be able to c) can‟t; will be able to
12. – Where are you going for your holiday next year?
– Well, I am not sure. I … go to Spain.
a) must b) should c) might
13. – Is the baby sick?
– It‟s possible. He looks pale and he isn‟t eating much. I … call the doctor later.
a) may b) had to c) be able to
14. … you help me carry this suitcase, please?
a) Could b) Must c) Should
15. I was so surprised that I … say a word.
a) had to b) couldn‟t c) shouldn‟t
16. I haven‟t got any money. I … go to the bank..
a) may b) can c) must
17. When we went into the house we … smell something burning.
a) could b) were able to c) may
18. The babysitter was ill and Ellen … look after the child herself.
a) had to b) must c) was to
19. The boy fell into the river but we … rescue him.
a) was able b) were able c) can
20. When I was young I … sing very well.
a) can b) could c) may
93
IV. ВЫПОЛНИТЕ ПЕРЕВОД ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ.
1. My brother could talk when he was a year old.
2. Can you see the ocean from your bedroom window?
3. I will be able to speak three foreign languages when I graduate next year.
4. You must always be in time for work and you mustn‟t wear jeans and trainers in
the office.
5. You mustn‟t talk during the exam.
6. You needn‟t take your umbrella. It has already stopped raining.
7. Do you have to pay for the training?
8. It was late and I had to take a taxi.
9. You are not allowed to smoke in this restaurant.
10. You should eat more fish. It‟s good for your health.
94
U
U
U
N
N
N
I
I
I
T
T
T
8
8
8
A
A
A
L
L
L
E
E
E
T
T
T
T
T
T
E
E
E
R
R
R
F
F
F
R
R
R
O
O
O
M
M
M
S
S
S
C
C
C
O
O
O
T
T
T
L
L
L
A
A
A
N
N
N
D
D
D
95
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
A LETTER FROM SCOTLAND
Hi Mum,
I‟m writing to you from Scotland. It‟s such a wonderful
place! I am having a good time here.
Scotland has the most beautiful mountains and lakes in
Britain. I think the loveliest city in Scotland is Edinburgh.
Edinburgh is Britain‟s most important financial centre
outside London. Edinburgh produced many famous writers.
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