Учебное пособие по английскому языку : (ч. 2) : учеб пособие / И. В
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mustn’t have anything but coffee, tea, or soft drinks at their workstations. They must keep their hair clean and neat, and tied back if it‟s longer than the shoulder. All the men must be clean- shaven, and the women mustn’t wear too much make-up, but they needn’t avoid it altogether. Employees must be polite and courteous to the public, but they need not tolerate abuse. He said if they find themselves in a difficult situation, they must immediately call a manager to deal with it. I didn‟t like the sound of it! I don‟t think I‟ll take the job.” II. NOTES Jake [ʤeɪk] Джейк (уменьш. от Jacob) Sylvia ['sɪlvɪə] Сильвия 62 III. VOCABULARY 1. a car showroom [ʃo ͟ʊru:m] автосалон 2. interview ['ɪntəvju:] Jake is telling Sylvia about his interview for a job in a car showroom. cобеседование Джейк рассказывает Сильвии о собеседовании по приему на работу в автосалон. 3. clothes [kləuðz] одежда 4. employee[ˌemplɔɪ'i:] Employees must wear clean, smart clothes while they are at work. служащий, сотрудник Сотрудники должны носить чистые деловые костюмы на работе. 5. jeans [ʤi:nz] джинсы 6. trainers ['treɪnəz] They mustn’t wear jeans or trainers. кроссовки Им запрещается носить джинсы или кроссовки. 7. meal [mi:l] to eat / to have a meal to order a meal to serve a meal приѐм пищи; еда есть заказывать еду подавать еду 8. canteen [kæn'ti:n] They must eat all their meals in the canteen. буфет, столовая (в школе, на заводе) Они должны питаться только в столовой. 9. soft drink безалкогольный напиток 10. workstation ['wɜ:kˌsteɪʃn] They mustn‟t have anything but coffee, tea, or soft drinks at their workstations. рабочее место Им нельзя пить ничего, кроме кофе, чая или безалкогольных напитков на своих рабочих местах. 11. hair [hɛə] Her hair is beautiful. волосы У нее красивые волосы. 12. neat [ni:t] They must keep their hair clean and neat. аккуратный, опрятный Волосы должны быть чистыми и опрятными. 13. to tie [taɪ] to tie back one‟s hair завязывать, связывать завязать волосы сзади 14. shoulder ['ʃəuldə] плечо 15. to be clean-shaven ['kli:n'ʃeɪvən] All the men must be clean-shaven. быть гладко выбритым Все мужчины должны быть гладко выбриты. 16. make-up ['meɪkʌp] to wear make-up The women mustn‟t wear too much make-up. косметика, макияж накладывать макияж Женщины не должны быть слишком сильно накрашены. 63 17. to avoid [ə'vɔɪd] smth избегать ч-л 18. altogether [ˌɔ:ltə'geðə] But they needn‟t avoid make-up altogether. в общем, в целом Но нет необходимости и отказываться от макияжа. 19. polite [pə'laɪt] вежливый, любезный 20. сourteous ['kɜ:tɪəs] Employees must be polite and сourteous to the public. обходительный, учтивый Работники должны быть вежливы и обходительны с посетителями. 21. abuse [ə'bju:s] to tolerate ['tɔləreɪt] abuse They needn‟t tolerate abuse. оскорбления; брань выносить, терпеть оскорбления Им не нужно терпеть оскорбления. 22. to deal [di:l] with smth They must immediately call a manager to deal with it. заниматься (решением проблемы) Они должны сразу же позвать менеджера, чтобы он занялся этим. 23. sound [saund] I didn‟t like the sound of it! 1. звук 2. смысл, содержание (чего-л. услышанного, прочитанного и т.п.) Мне не понравилось то, что я услышал. IV. COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: 1. What kind of clothes must employees wear while they are at work? 2. Where must they eat all their meals? 3. In what condition must they keep their hair? 4. What must all men do? 5. What must women do about their make-up? 6. How must employees treat the public? 7. What must employees do if they find themselves in a difficult situation? 2. SAY IF THE SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE. CORRECT THE FALSE ONES 1. Employees must wear jeans and trainers at work. 2. They must eat all their meals at their workstations. 3. They mustn‟t have coffee, tea or soft drinks at their workstations. 4. They must keep their hair clean and neat. 5. Women must wear much make-up. 6. All men must be clean shaven. 7. Employees must be rude to the public. 8. Employees must immediately call their parents if they find themselves in a difficult situation. 64 V. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERB MUST (МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ MUST ) Модальный глагол MUST имеет только одну временную форму: настоящего времени – must [mʌst] (полная форма); [məst] (редуцированная форма) (должен, обязан, нужно и др.). Значения этого модального глагола во многом определяются формой предложения – утвердительной, вопросительной или отрицательной. В УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ MUST ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ: 1. обязанность, приказание, приказ (переводится, как должен, обязан): You must be in time for work. Вы должны вовремя приходить на работу. 2. внутренне осознанную необходимость (переводится, как надо, нужно, необходимо, должен): I must do it today, I can’t leave it till tomorrow. Я должен сделать это сегодня, я не могу отложить это на завтра. 3. настоятельный совет или приглашение (переводится, как обязательно должен, обязательно нужно): You must see this performance. It’s very interesting. Вы обязательно должны посмотреть этот спектакль. Он очень интересный. 4. вероятность, предположение (переводится, как должно быть): She must be at home. Она, должно быть, дома. 65 В ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ MUST ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ: 1. нежелание выполнять действие (переводится, как обязательно ли): Must I type the letters today? Обязательно ли набирать письма сегодня? В ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИИ МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ MUST ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ: 1. категорический запрет совершить действие (переводится, как нельзя, запрещается): You mustn’t walk on the grass. Запрещается ходить по газону. Отрицательную форму модального глагола MUST – MUSTN’T необходимо отличать от отрицательной формы модального глагола NEED (нужно) – NEEDN’T. Если mustn’t означает «нельзя, запрещено», то needn’t означает «нет необходимости». Сравните: You needn’t feed the dog. I’ll do it. Тебе не нужно кормить собаку. Я сделаю это сама. Visitors mustn’t feed the animals. Посетителям запрещается кормить животных. 66 VI. EXERCISES 1. Point out the meaning of the verb must in each sentence. 1. It is impossible to do anything in such a short time. I must ask the chief to put off my report. 2. You must do everything I tell you. 3. You must see this movie. It‟s a real blockbuster. 4. I am very tired – I feel I must go to bed at once. 5. We can't wait for them any longer, we must ring them up. 6. I am thinking hard, trying to find a solution to the problem. There must be a way out. 7. I doubt if I can finish the work in time, but I must do it. 8. You must come and see our new office. We really enjoy working there. 9. Children must go to school every day. 10. You mustn't go out alone at night. 11. We haven't got much time. We must hurry. 12. Tom is very tired. He must work very hard. 13. Must I stay at work late today? 14. You mustn’t play with matches. It is dangerous. 2. Translate the sentences. 1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese. 5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don't ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9. I must help my mother today. 10. Don't worry! This is not important. - Not important! You must be joking! 11. You must meet him. He is a very interesting person. 12. You must not argue with the boss. 13. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 14. You must stop smoking! If you don't, you're going to have serious problems with your lungs some day. 3. Use the verb must as in the model and translate the sentences. Example: Tim can lift anything (strong). – He must be strong. 1. Sam worked very hard today (tired). 2. Jack spends a lot of time in the library (intelligent). 3. She is having a third glass of soda (thirsty). 4. She has a big house and a Mercedes (rich). 5. He doesn't like to work (lazy). 6. Nancy is always ready to discuss anything (clever). 7. Albert is eating a third hamburger in a row (hungry). 8. Ann takes three showers a day (cleanly). 9. Barney found a ten-dollar bill (happy). 10. Everybody laughs at him no matter what he does (clumsy). 4. Fill in the gaps with must or mustn't. 1. I haven't got any money. I ......... go to the bank. 2. It's raining. You ................... go out without your umbrella. 3. The road is busy. You ................... look carefully before you cross it. 4. You .................. play football in the house, Jack. 5. My tooth hurts. I ...................... go to the dentist. 67 5. Clare has got a cold. She has gone to the doctor's. Look at the prompts and say what the doctor advises her to do or not to do. stay in bed You must stay in bed. go to the office for three days take some medicine drink a lot of water eat any ice-cream take your temperature twice a day call me if you have a high temperature 6. Read the Library Rules and say what you must and what you mustn’t do when you are in a library. LIBRARY RULES 1. Don't make any noise. 2. Be quiet. 3. Don't eat or drink. 4. Be careful with the books. 5. Don't leave books on the tables when you leave. 6. Put the books back in the right place. 68 7. Fill in the gaps with mustn't or needn't. 1. You ................. play with matches. It's dangerous. 2. You ............ talk loudly. The baby is sleeping. 3. I .............. go to the bank. I've got some money. 4. We ................... stay out late. We have to get up early tomorrow. 5. You ................. feed the dog. I'll do it. 6. You.................. talk during the exam. 7. You.................. phone Julia. She's coming here later. 8. You................... take your umbrella. It's stopped raining. 9. You.................. park here. There's a "No Parking" sign. 10. You .................... come with me. I can go alone. 11. You ..................... lose the key. I haven't got another. 12. You ...................... tell Sonia. It's a secret. 13. You ................ buy a newspaper. You can read mine. 14. You .................... go by taxi. I can take you home. 8. Fill in the gaps with must, mustn't or needn't. 1. You …… drink your milk. 2. You ......... do the washing-up. I'll do it. 3. You ......... throw litter in the street. 4. I ........... iron all these clothes. 5. You ......... buy any more bread. 6. I'm sorry, you .….take photographs We've got a lot. inside the museum, sir. 69 9. Fill in the gaps with must, mustn't или needn't. Boss: Have you typed those letters yet? Secretary: No, I haven't finished. … Must...I type all of them this morning? Boss: Yes, you ................, I'm afraid. Secretary: Very well, sir. ................ I also photo- copy them? Boss: No, you ................. Eric can do that. Just ask him. Secretary: OK, I'll do that. Oh, sir. You've got an appointment with Mr. Lee at 6 o'clock. It's almost 5.30. You ................... be late. Boss: Oh, dear! I forgot. I'll go now. Secretary: Do you want me to call your wife and tell her that you'll be late? Boss: No, you ...................... do that. I'll call her. 10. Use mustn't or needn't with the given verbs. paint – buy – forget – phone – be – touch – go – finish 1. I ...... Alan. I haven't spoken to him for a long time. 2. You .................................. the oven. It's very hot. 3. You...................... your work now. You can do it tomorrow. 4. We..................... to post the letters. They're very important. 5. We ....................... the living room. The walls are very dirty. 6. You ....................... shopping today. We've got a lot of food. 7. Tom.......................... late for work. The boss will be angry. 8. You ........................ any new clothes. You've got enough. 13. Translate the sentences into English. А. 1. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 2. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 3. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 4. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 5. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 6. Я должен сегодня повидать своего друга. 8. У него есть Ролс Ройс. Он, должно быть, очень богат. 10. Вы не должны опаздывать. 11. Твой брат очень хорошо знает Европу. Он, должно быть, много путешествует. 13. Вы обязательно должны придти к нам на ужин. 14. Мне обязательно приходить на работу в субботу? 15. Вы должны делать то, что я вам говорю. 16. Вы все должны обязательно прочитать эту книгу. Она очень интересная. 17. Я обязательно должен сделать это сейчас? 18. Я должна пойти сегодня в магазин. 19. Здесь нельзя парковаться. B. 1. Работники должны носить чистую, опрятную одежду. 2. Им запрещается носить кроссовки на работе. 4. Мужчины должны быть чисто выбритыми. 5. Женщины не должны быть сильно накрашенными, но нет необходимости избегать использования косметики. 6. Работники должны быть вежливыми и обходительными с клиентами. 7. Но они не должны терпеть оскорбления. 8. Если возникают проблемы, они должны сразу же позвать менеджера. 70 U U U N N N I II T T T 6 6 6 TRAINING TO BE A GEISHA 71 I. LISTENING AND READING Listen to the text Read and translate the text + TRAINING TO BE A GEISHA The white face, the dark eyes and hair, the blood red lips – both the Japanese and foreigners are fascinated by these beautiful and mysterious women. Makiko is training to be a geisha. Makiko‟s parents wanted her to go to university, study medicine and become a doctor. But they had to accept her choice because they didn’t have to support her financially. Makiko‟s grandfather paid for her training, he also had to buy the kimonos she needed. It‟s very expensive to become a geisha. You have to spend a lot on kimonos because you have to have a different kimono each month of the year, and today a kimono can cost three million yen, it‟s about $25,000. It‟s a hard life for Makiko. She has to leave her family and move into a special boarding house called a “maiko house”. Here, she has to learn traditional Japanese arts such as playing instruments, the tea ceremony, flower arranging, singing and dancing, literature and poetry. She has to take a lot of difficult tests and exams. Only the best will pass all the tests and become geishas many years later. When she becomes a geisha she will have to serve customers and entertain them. I will also have to sing and dance, and make conversation. In Japan today there are about a thousand geishas. They play an important role in preserving Japanese culture and history. 72 II. NOTES III. VOCABULARY 1. foreigner [ˈfɒrɪnə] иностранец 2. to fascinate [ˈfæsɪneɪt] to be fascinated by smb/smth очаровывать быть очарованным ч-л 3. mysterious [mɪˈstɪəriəs] Both the Japanese and foreigners are fascinated by these beautiful and mysterious women. таинственный, загадочный И японцы и иностранцы очарованы этими красивыми и загадочными женщинами. 4. to train [treɪn] She is training to be a geisha. обучать, готовить; обучаться Она учиться, чтобы стать гейшей. 5. to go to university to go to school to go to high school [haɪ skuːl] to go to college [ˈkɒlɪdʒ] учиться в университете ходить в школу учиться в старших классах учиться в колледже 6. to accept [ək'sept] smb’s choice [ʧɔɪs] They had to accept her choice. принять ч-л выбор Им пришлось принять ее выбор. 7. to support smb financially [sə'pɔːt] [faɪ'nænʃəlɪ] поддерживать к-л материально 8. to cost [kɒst] to cost $25,000 dollars стоить стоить 25 тысяч долларов 9. arts [ɑːts] traditional arts [trəˈdɪʃənəl ɑːts ] виды искусства традиционные виды искусства Makiko ['mækikou] Mакико geisha [ˈɡeɪʃə] гейша medicine ['medsən] медицина financially [ faɪ ˈnænʃəlɪ] материально kimono [kɪˈməʊnəʊ] кимоно boarding house [ˈbɔːdɪŋ haʊs] пансионат maiko ['maikou] house дом майко Japanese [ˌdʒæpəˈniːz] японский, японец tea ceremony ['ti:'serɪmənɪ] чайная церемония literature ['lɪtərəʧə] литература poetry ['pəuɪtrɪ] поэзия 73 10. to play instruments [pleɪ ˈɪnstrʊmənts] to play the piano [piˈænəʊ] to play the guitar [ɡɪˈtɑː] играть на музыкальных инструментах играть на пианино играть на гитаре 11. to arrange [əˈreɪndʒ] flower arranging [ˈflaʊə əˈreɪndʒ ɪ ŋ] договариваться, составлять экибана 12. to take a test to pass [pɑːs] a test to fail [feɪl] a test сдавать, проходить тест пройти, выдержать тест не пройти, провалить тест 13. to serve [sɜːv] to serve customers [sɜːv ˈkʌstəməz] обслуживать, служить обслуживать клиентов 14. to make conversation [ˌkɔnvə'seɪʃn] вести беседу 15. to play an important role in smth Geishas play an important role in Japanese culture. играть важную роль в ч-л Гейши играют важную роль в японской культуре. 16. to preserve [prɪˈzɜːv] to preserve culture [ˈkʌltʃə] сохранять сохранять культуру III. COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS: 1. What is Makiko training to be? 2. What does a geisha look like? 3. What did Makiko‟s parents want her to become? 4. Why did they have to accept her choice? 5. Who paid for Makiko‟s training? 6. What did Makiko‟s grandfather have to buy? 7. How much can a kimono cost? 8. Why does Makiko have to leave her family? 9. What does Makiko have to learn to become a geisha? 10. What will Makiko have to do as a geisha? 11. How many geishas are there in Japan today? 2. SAY IF THE SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE. CORRECT THE FALSE ONES 1. Makiko‟s parents had to accept their daughter‟s choice. 2. Makiko‟s grandfather had to buy the jeans she needed. 3. A geisha has to have a different kimono for every day of the year. 4. A trainee geisha doesn‟t have to leave her family. 74 5. A geisha has to learn martial arts. 6. To become a geisha you have to study for many years. 7. A geisha has to sing and dance for her customers. 8. A geisha can‟t speak to her customers. 9. A trainee geisha can go to high school. 10. There are three million geishas in Japan today. IV. GRAMMAR: ОБОРОТ TO HAVE TO Эквивалентом модального глагола must является оборот to have to, выражающий значение необходимости, вызванной обстоятельствами. Оборот to have to употребляется в основном в прошедшем и будущем времени, (т.к. модальный глагол must не имеет данных временных форм). Вместе с тем оборот to have to может употребляться и в настоящем времени, имеет форму has to для 3-го лица ед.ч. и форму have to для остальных лиц и чисел и переводится как «вынужден, должен, приходится». Следует обратить внимание на то, что значение оборота to have to несколько отличается от значения модального глагола must. Must обычно выражает долженствование с точки зрения говорящего (внутренне осознанную необходимость), в то время как оборот to have to выражает необходимость выполнить действие в силу обстоятельств. must have to/ has to Everybody must work. Каждый человек должен работать (этический принцип). I often have to work on weekends. Мне часто приходится работать по выходным. В прошедшем времени оборот to have to имеет форму had to и переводится как «должен был, пришлось». It was late and he had to take a taxi ['tæksɪ]. Было поздно и ему пришлось взять такси. В будущем времени оборот to have to имеет форму will have to и переводится как «должен буду, придется». Tomorrow is Monday, so I will have to go to school again. Завтра понедельник, поэтому мне снова придется идти в школу. 75 ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ И ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЙ ФОРМ PRESENT SIMPLE В настоящем времени вопросительная форма образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола do (does). число/ лицо Утв. форма Отр. форма Вопр. форма 1 л. I have to do I don’t have to do Do I have to do? 2 л. You have to do You don’t have to do Do you have to do? 3 л. He has to do She has to do It has to do He doesn’t have to do She doesn’t have to do It doesn’t have to do Does he have to do? Does she have to do? Does it have to do? 1 л. We have to do We don’t have to do Do we have to do? 2 л. You have to do You don’t have to do Do you have to do? 3 л. They have to do They don’t have to do Do they have to do? PAST SIMPLE В прошедшем времени вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола did. число/ лицо Утв. форма Отр. форма Вопр. форма 1 л. I had to do I didn’t have to do Did I have to do? 2 л. You had to do You didn’t have to do Did you have to do? 3 л. He had to do She had to do It had to do He didn’t have to do She didn’t have to do It didn’t have to do Did he have to do? Did she have to do? Did it have to do? 1 л. We had to do We didn’t have to do Did we have to do? 2 л. You had to do You didn’t have to do Did you have to do? 3 л. They had to do They didn’t have to do Did they have to do? FUTURE SIMPLE 76 В будущем времени вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола will. число /лицо Утв. форма Отр. форма Вопр. форма 1 л. I will have to do I won’t have to do Will I have to do? 2 л. You will have to do You won’t have to do Will you have to do? 3 л. He will have to do She will have to do It will have to do He won’t have to do She won’t have to do It won’t have to do Will he have to do? Will she have to do? Will it have to do? 1 л. We will have to do We won’t have to do Will we have to do? 2 л. You will have to do You won’t have to do Will you have to do? 3 л. They will have to do They won’t have to do Will they have to do? ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ: Отрицательная форма оборота to have to употребляется для выражения отсутствия необходимости выполнять какое-либо действие. Вместо don’t/doesn’t have to может употребляться модальный глагол needn’t, при этом смысл предложения не меняется. You needn’t go shopping today, we have plenty of food. You don’t have to go shopping today, we have plenty of food. Тебе не надо (нет необходимости) идти в магазин сегодня, у нас полно еды. 77 V. EXERCISES 1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. A. Example: My colleagues often have to stay late at work. - My colleagues don’t often have to stay late at work. Do my colleagues often have to stay late at work? 1. My parents have to pay for my training.2. I have to get up early. 3. He often has to stay in town in summer. 4. My sister has to wear a uniform. 5. We often have to work on weekends. B. Example: Jane had to stay at work late yesterday. - Jane didn’t have to stay at work late last night. Did Jane have to stay at work late last night? 1. I had to leave the party early last night. 2. My boss had to study for many years to become a professional. 3. She had to learn flower arranging. 4. He had to work hard to pass all the tests. 5. They had to accept her choice. C. Example: We will have to speak English in class. - We will not have to speak English in class. Will we have to speak English in class? 1. Makiko will have to serve customers. 2. I will have to take a shower. 3. She will have to make conversation. 4. Josh will have to join the army. 5. They will have to support their son. 2. Complete the sentences with have to/has to or don’t have to/doesn’t have to. 1. He … work hard to pass all the tests. 2. You … have a passport to visit foreign countries. 3. Ann‟s eyes are not good, she ... wear glasses for reading. 4. Many children in Britain … wear uniforms when they go to school. 5. Scott is in college now so his parents … pay for his studies. 6. Peter … finish his work today. It can‟t wait. 7. You can‟t use a credit card at this store. You … pay cash. 8. You can‟t wear jeans to the party. You … wear a suit. 9. Jane … do any homework today. Tomorrow is a holiday. 10. He would like to stay out later, but he … be home before midnight. 11. You … go by train, you can take a bus if you want to. 12. I‟m sorry I can‟t drive you to the airport. I … take my car to the mechanic. 3. Your friend Arnold is in the army and he hates it. He has to do many things he doesn’t want to. Use the prompts to make questions about what Arnold has to do. Then answer the questions. Examples: to get short haircuts – Student A: Does he have to get short haircuts? Student B: Yes, he has to get short haircuts. to get a part-time job – Student A: Does he have to get a part-time job? Student B: No, he doesn’t have to get a part- time job. 78 1. to go through basic training 2. to pay for the training 3. to get up at 5 a.m. 4. to go to university 5. to learn the discipline and routine 6. to buy fashionable clothes 7. to wear a uniform 8. to obey orders 9. to get up at night to feed the baby 10. to ask his parents for pocket money 11. to peel potatoes 12. to go to rifle training 13. to eat army food all the time 4. Rearrange the sentences as in the example. Use have to in Future Simple. Example: Albert wants to lose weight, but he doesn‟t like to exercise. – If Albert wants to lose weight, he will have to exercise. 1. My brother wants to join the army, but he doesn‟t like to obey orders. 2. Linda wants to be a good tennis player, but she doesn‟t like to practice. 3. Ann wants to learn Spanish, but she doesn‟t like to do grammar exercises. 4. Peter wants to go fishing, but he doesn‟t like to get up early. 5. Sue wants to get good grades, but she doesn‟t like to do her homework. 6. Jack wants to go college, but he doesn‟t like to study. 7. Barney wants to look good, but he doesn‟t like to shave every day. 8. She wants to become a geisha, but she doesn‟t like to wear a kimono. 9. I want to learn to play the guitar, but I don‟t like to practice. 5. Use have to in Future Simple. Example: The dishes are clean (wash). – I won’t have to wash them. 1. The dog has already eaten (feed). 2. She knows how to use the camera (show). 3. My old car runs pretty well after the repair (buy a new car). 4. I have got a grant to study (pay my studies). 5. Scott can paint the house himself (help). 6. My friend already knows about the party (tell). 7. I‟ve bought everything we need for dinner (go shopping). 8. I‟ve passed my English test (take it again). 9. I‟ve already had dinner (cook tonight). 6. Complete the sentences with have to in the correct tense form. Example: We didn‟t have free tickets for the match, so we had to pay to get to the stadium. 79 1. We‟ve got plenty of time, so we … leave yet. 3. Last night Don suddenly felt sick and we … call the doctor. 3. Next Friday we are going on a three-day hike in the mountains, so we … take a lot of food with us. 4. Ann doesn‟t know about the meeting. You … call her. 5. Jack wears a beard, so he … shave. 6. The shop is already closed. We … come again tomorrow. 7. There was no bus, so we … walk home. 8. I‟m taking my final exams in a week. I … work hard. 9. I‟m sorry, I couldn‟t come yesterday. I … work late. 10. My father is very forgetful, Mom always … remind him to take his keys. 11. They couldn‟t understand at first, I … repeat everything three times. 12. He can‟t go to the game because he … visit his aunt in the hospital. 13. Last year we … take three buses to get to work. Now we live near our jobs so we can walk to work. 14. Yesterday I … go to the doctor so I couldn‟t go to school. 15. Last week I … study for three tests. It was terrible. 7. Choose the correct variant. 1. You mustn’t/don’t have to leave a dog in a hot car. 2. In Italy you mustn’t/don’t have to spend much money to eat well. 3. Peter mustn’t/doesn’t have to finish his report today. It can wait. 4. You mustn’t/don’t have to mix alcohol and medicines. 5. You mustn’t/don’t have to go if you don‟t want to. 6. You mustn’t/don’t have to wear a tie if you don‟t want to. 7. You mustn’t/don’t have to pay in some museums, they‟re free. 8. You mustn’t/don’t have to speak during a written exam. 9. Jim can spend more time with his family now, because he mustn’t/doesn’t have to work on weekends. 10. Ben mustn’t/doesn’t have to get up early. 11. You mustn’t/don’t have to forget what I just told you. 12. Helen is married to a successful businessman, so she mustn’t/doesn’t have to work. 8. Translate the sentences. A. 1. Дедушке Макико пришлось заплатить за ее обучение и купить кимоно. 2. Макико приходится изучать традиционные японские виды искусства. 3. Ей приходится играть на музыкальных инструментах, изучать чайную церемонию и экибану. 4. Она вынуждена сдавать разные тесты и экзамены. 5. Когда Макико станет гейшей, ей придется обслуживать и развлекать клиентов: петь, танцевать и вести беседу. В. 1. Мои родители хотели, чтобы я стал инженером, и мне пришлось принять их выбор. 2. В прошлом году я поступил в университет, и мне пришлось уехать из семьи. 3. Сейчас я студент, и моим родителям приходиться платить за мое обучение. 4. Я вынужден много трудиться и сдавать разные экзамены и тесты. 5. Я должен вставать рано каждое утро, и мне часто приходится оставаться в университете допоздна. 6. Каждый вечер я должен выполнять домашние задания, потому что мне нельзя провалить экзамены. 7. Когда я учился в школе, мне приходилось носить школьную форму. 8. Я очень рад, что сейчас мне не нужно это делать. 9. Мне придется учиться много лет, чтобы стать профессионалом. 80 U U U N N N I I I T T T 7 7 7 S S S T T T A A A R R R T T T I I I N N N G G G Y Y Y O O O U U U R R R O O O W W W N N N B B B U U U S S S U U U N N N E E E S S S S S S 81 I. LISTENING AND READING Listen to the text Read and translate the text STARTING YOUR OWN BUSINESS? Here are some helpful tips from George Stanton: 1 Make a plan: You should start by making a business plan. You should be able to work out how much money you will need to set up the business. You should also work out how much you will make in the first few years. 2 Do your research: If someone else is already doing what you want to do, you should find out how much they charge for their goods or services and how successful they are. 3 Don't neglect design: If you are going to sell a product, you should invest in a good designer for the product and the packaging. If you are offering a service, advertising should be a significant part of your budget. You should hire an experienced website designer, as advertising on the Internet is essential nowadays. 4 Plan your working environment: You should always take a lot of care with decoration and lighting, so you and your employees enjoy working there. 5 Do what you like and like what you do: The most important thing in business is that you believe in your product or service. If so you should be a huge success! II. NOTES George Stanton [ʤɔːʤ 'stæntən] Джорж Стэнтон 82 III. VOCABULARY 1. to make a plan You should start by making a business plan. составить план Следует начать с составления бизнес- плана. 2. to work out You should also work out how much you will make in the first few years. посчитать Следует также посчитать, сколько вы заработаете в первые несколько лет. 3. to set up a business открыть предприятие, фирму 4. to do research [rɪ'sɜːʧ] проводить (научные) исследования 5. to make sure убедиться; удостовериться 6. competition [ˌkɔmpə'tɪʃn] You should make sure you know everything you can about the competition. конкуренты Вы должны быть уверены, что знаете все, что только можно о своих конкурентах. 7. to find out выяснить, разузнать 8. goods [gudz] товар; товары 9. to charge [ʧɑːʤ] You should find out how much they charge for their goods or services. назначать, запрашивать цену Вам следует выяснить, сколько они берут за свои товары или услуги. 10. to neglect [nɪ'glekt] Don't neglect design. пренебрегать Не пренебрегайте дизайном. 11. product ['prɔdʌkt] to sell a product товар, изделие продавать товар 12. to invest [ɪn'vest] in smb/smth You should invest in a good designer. инвестировать в к-л/ч-л Вам следует вложить деньги в хорошего дизйнера. 13. packaging ['pækɪʤɪŋ] упаковка 14. to offer a service предлагать услугу 15. advertising ['ædvətaɪzɪŋ] размещение рекламы 16. significant [sɪg'nɪfɪkənt] to be a significant part of the budget. ['bʌʤɪt] значительный, важный составлять существенную жүктеу/скачать 5,61 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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