1.
Where does Lucy Bronson live?
2.
Why did she move to the United States forty years ago?
3.
Why did she write a letter to England?
4.
Who replied to her letter?
5.
Why was Oliver‟s family surprised to get a letter from his aunt Lucy?
6.
What did Oliver attach to his letter?
7.
What could he do when he was eight and fourteen?
8.
What can he do now?
9.
When are Lucy and her husband arriving at the airport?
10.
Why does Lucy enclose a photo of Hiram and herself?
11.
Why won‟t they be able to drive from the airport?
12.
How long will they be able to stay with Oliver?
13.
What languages can Hiram‟s cousin speak?
14.
What sports can he do and play?
15.
What places in England will they be able to visit if Oliver drives them?
V. GRAMMAR: MODAL VERB
CAN
(МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ
CAN
)
Модальный глагол can входит в группу глаголов (must, may и др.), которые
обозначают не действия, а отношение к ним. Само же действие выражается
инфинитивом смыслового глагола, следующего за модальным.
Модальные глаголы объединяют следующие особенности:
1.
у них единая форма для всех лиц единственного и множественного
числа;
2.
инфинитив смыслового глагола следует за ними без to;
3.
отсутствуют некоторые временные формы.
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Модальный глагол can имеет только две временные формы:
а) настоящего времени – can [kæn], [kən] (могу, умею, можно);
б) прошедшего времени – could [kud] (мог, умел).
МОДАЛЬНЫЙ ГЛАГОЛ CAN ОБОЗНАЧАЕТ:
1.
физическую способность совершать действие:
John can do a headstand.
Джон умеет делать стойку на голове.
2.
умственную способность совершать действие:
My boss can solve any problem.
Мой начальник может решить любую проблему.
3.
разрешение совершить действие:
You can use my mobile phone.
Ты можешь воспользоваться моим
сотовым.
You can take photos in this museum.
В этом музее можно фотографировать.
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4.
просьбу:
Can I go out please?
Можно мне выйти?
Can you help me carry this suitcase?
Ты можешь помочь мне донести этот
чемодан?
Форма прошедшего времени could помимо обозначения способности
совершать умственные и физические действия в прошлом, часто используется
для выражения очень вежливой просьбы и переводится как «мог бы», или
«могли бы»:
Could you show me around your
company?
Вы не могли бы показать мне вашу
компанию?
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ И ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНОЙ ФОРМЫ
ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ С МОДАЛЬНЫМ ГЛАГОЛОМ САN
Для образования вопросительной формы модальный глагол can (could),
как и другие модальные глаголы, ставится перед подлежащим:
Can you see the ocean from your bedroom
window?
Виден ли океан из окна твоей спальни?
Отрицательная форма образуется при помощи
отрицательной частицы not – cannot (can‟t) и could
not (could‟t):
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My daughter could not write when she was
three.
Моя дочь не умела писать, когда ей
было три года.
GRAMMAR
ОБОРОТ TO BE ABLE TO
Модальный глагол can может заменяться эквивалентом
to be able to (быть в состоянии / мочь).
To be able to несколько отличается по своему значению от модального
глагола can. Eсли саn обозначает способность/возможность совершать
действие вообще, то оборот to be able to – возможность совершить действие в
данном конкретном случае, в данное определенное время.
PAST SIMPLE
Различие между глаголом can и его эквивалентом to be able to особенно
проявляется в прошедшем времени.
COULD
WAS/ WERE ABLE TO
ВООБЩЕ
В ДАННОМ КОНКРЕТНОМ
СЛУЧАЕ
When I was in the
USA I could see
American movies on
TV.
Когда я был в США, я мог смотреть
американские фильмы по ТВ.
When I was in the
USA I was able to
see «Gone with the
Wind». [wɪnd]
Когда я был в США, я смог
посмотреть «Унесенные ветром».
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ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ:
1.
В прошедшем времени в отрицании в обоих случаях чаще используется
модальный глагол could в отрицательной форме couldn’t.
He was so surprised that he couldn’t say a
word.
Он так удивился, что не смог сказать ни
слова.
2.
С глаголами see, hear, feel, smell, taste,
understand, remember, guess
[ges] в прошедшем
времени используется только модальный глагол
could (никогда was/ were able to!)
I could feel that something was wrong the
moment I came into the room.
Я почувствовал, что что-то не так,
как только вошел в комнату.
PRESENT SIMPLE
В настоящем времени для обозначения способности совершать действия и
«вообще» и «в данном конкретном случае», как правило, употребляется
модальный глагол can.
ВООБЩЕ
В ДАННОМ КОНКРЕТНОМ
СЛУЧАЕ
I can play tennis very well.
Я очень хорошо умею играть в теннис.
I can play tennis right now.
Я могу сыграть теннис прямо
сейчас.
ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ:
В некоторых случаях, когда необходимо противопоставить способность к
совершению действия «вообще» и «в данном конкретном случае»,
используется эквивалент am/ is/ are able to.
CAN
AM/ IS/ ARE ABLE TO
ВООБЩЕ
В ДАННОМ КОНКРЕТНОМ
СЛУЧАЕ
54
He can play football well, but is not able to play it
today
because he has hurt his leg.
Он хорошо играет в футбол, но сегодня не может
этого сделать,
так как поранил ногу.
FUTURE SIMPLE
Для обозначения способности совершить действие в будущем используется
will be able to.
I will be able to buy a present for my girlfriend tomorrow.
Завтра я смогу купить подарок своей девушке.
TO BE ABLE TO (PRESENT SIMPLE)
В Present Simple оборот to be able to имеет следующие формы:
число /
лицо
Утвердительная
форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная
форма
1 л. ед. ч.
2 л. ед. ч.
3л. ед. ч.
1 л. мн. ч.
2 л. мн. ч.
3 л. мн. ч.
I am able to do
You are able to do
He is able to do
She is able to do
We are able to do
You are able to do
They are able to do
I am not able to do
You are not able to do
He is not able to do
She is not able to do
We are not able to do
You are not able to do
They are not able to do
Am I able to do?
Are you able to do?
Is he able to do?
Is she able to do?
Are we able to do?
Are you able to do?
Are they able to do?
В Past Simple оборот to be able to имеет следующие формы:
число /
лицо
Утвердительная
форма
Отрицательная форма
Вопросительная
форма
1 л. ед. ч.
2 л. ед. ч.
3л. ед. ч.
I was able to do
You were able to do
He was able to do
She was able to do
I was not able to do
You were not able to do
He was not able to do
She was not able to do
Was I able to do?
Were you able to do?
Was he able to do?
Was she able to do?
55
1 л. мн. ч.
2 л. мн. ч.
3 л. мн. ч.
We were able to do
You were able to do
They were able to do
We were not able to do
You were not able to do
They were not able to do
Were we able to do?
Were you able to do?
Were they able to do?
Во Future Simple оборот to be able to имеет следующие формы:
число /
лицо
Утвердительная
форма
Отрицательная
форма
Вопросительная
форма
1 л. ед. ч.
2 л. ед. ч.
3л. ед. ч.
1 л. мн. ч.
2 л. мн. ч.
3 л. мн. ч.
I will be able to do
You will be able to do
He will be able to do
She will be able to do
We will be able to do
You will be able to do
They will be able to
do
I will not be able to do
You will not be able to do
He will not be able to do
She will not be able to do
We will not be able to do
You will not be able to do
They will not be able to do
Will I be able to do?
Will you be able to do?
Will he be able to do?
Will she be able to do?
Will we be able to do?
Will you be able to do?
Will they be able to do?
VI. EXERCISES
1. Define the meaning of the verb can and translate the sentences.
1. Can you speak Spanish? 2. Can I borrow your pencil for a moment? 3. Can your
brother help me with mathematics? 4. Could you come to my place next Friday? –
I‟m sorry. I can‟t. 5. When we went into the house we could smell something
burning. 6. Could I talk to you for a minute, please? 7. When Joe was 16, he could
run 100 meters in 11 seconds. 8. Can I watch the late film tonight, Mum? 9. Can
you bring me a glass of water? 10. Susan can’t walk because she has broken her leg.
11. Can you answer the phone, please? 12. Could I ask you a question, madam? 13.
You can have some more tea if you want. 14. Can you shut the window, please?
2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative.
1. Mike could run very fast five years ago. 2. They can understand
French. 3. Kate could speak English well when she was ten. 4. My
brother can come and help you in the garden. 5. His little sister could
read when she was five. 6. The children can carry this box. 7. My
Grandma can cook very well. 8. Jessica could dance tango. 9. I can
answer the questions. 10. I can afford this trip. 11. Sally could
speak well on the telephone. 12. Peter Green can find a good job. 13.
Bill will be able to meet you at the airport tomorrow. 14. They will be able to finish
the project before Christmas. 15. You will be able to find my house. 16. Linda will
be able to join us today. 17. We will be able to stay with you for two weeks. 18.
Peter and Paul were able to go to the football match yesterday. 19. My sister was
56
able to pass her English exam last week. 20. Oliver was able to recognize his aunt
and uncle at the airport.
3. Mr. Roberts is 65 years old. What could he do in
his youth and what can’t he do now? Make sentences.
Example: play volleyball. - Не could play volleyball but
now he can't.
1. dive ……………………………………………………
2. do a headstand ……………………………………...…
3. dance all night ………………………………………………………………………
4. eat a lot ……………………………………………………………………………...
5. work late……………………………………………………………………………..
6. walk for miles ……………………………………………………………………….
7. lift heavy things ……………………………………………………………………..
8. drive a car very fast …………………………………………………………………
4. Use can, can't, could or couldn't.
1. Sarah is three years old. She ...can't... write.
2. Peter is nineteen. He .......... drive a car.
3. Mr. Thompson is 70 years old. He ........... see very well
so he wears glasses.
4. When I was five years old, I .............. only count to ten.
5. When Kate was two, she ............. read a newspaper.
6. ................ you answer the phone, please?
7. It was cold yesterday so we ............... go out.
8. I .............. walk when I broke my leg.
9. ................ I take this pencil, please?
10. ............. you sing when you were a small child?
5. You are in your friend’s flat. Ask your friend for permission to do the
following things.
Example: take your pen - Can I take your pen, please?
1. open the window……………………………………………………………………
2. get a glass of water………………………………………………………………….
3. switch on the TV…………………………...……………………………………….
4. use your computer………………………………………..…………………………
5. move this chair…………..…………………………………………………………
6. use the bathroom ……………………………………………………………………
7. shut the door ………………………………………………………………………...
8. read the paper ………………………………………………………………………..
9. have a cup of tea …………………………………………………………………….
10. make a sandwich …………………………………………………………………...
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6. Work in pairs. Ask each other questions using the pictures.
Example: Could you play the piano when you were six? - Yes, I could / No, I
couldn't.
7. Look at Oliver’s photo album and discuss what he could and couldn’t do
when he was a child.
58
8. Complete the sentences with could/couldn’t or was/were able to.
1. She … sing beautifully in her childhood.
2. She wasn't at home when I called, but I …
contact her at her office.
3. My father … meet me at the airport yesterday,
because he was busy in the office.
4. I looked everywhere for the book but I … find
it.
5. They didn‟t have any tomatoes in the first shop,
but I … find them in the next shop.
6. Tom … drive but he didn‟t have a car.
7. I … understand English and German when I was a child.
8. She can‟t run very fast now, but when she was at school she … run faster than her
friends.
9. Jack was an excellent tennis player, he … beat anyone.
10. When I arrived, I … see a few people waiting for the train.
11. I … hear what they were saying because the music was too loud.
9. Use the prompts to react to the situations.
Example: Peg can‟t call you tonight (tomorrow). – I hope she will be able to call
tomorrow.
1.
Bob can‟t come to the party (next Saturday).
2.
They can‟t repair my car (by the end of the month).
3.
My dad can‟t come to school tomorrow (next week).
4.
They can‟t translate this text without a dictionary (next year).
5.
Ann can‟t do this work today (tomorrow).
6.
George can‟t go to Spain this summer (next summer).
7.
He can‟t get a good job (before summer is over).
8.
She can‟t dance very well (in about a month).
9.
She can‟t visit you tonight (on Monday).
10.
We can‟t have a barbecue today (tomorrow).
59
10. Look at the picture of this family. Then use the prompts to make sentences.
Example: They can’t enjoy peace and quiet now. When the children grow up, they
will be able to enjoy peace and quiet.
1.
enjoy peace and quiet
2.
go out in the evenings
3.
do lots of sports
4.
visit their friends often
5.
go to the theatre with their friends
6.
relax on the beach
7.
read new books and magazines
8.
travel to exotic countries
9.
spend time on their own
6. Translate the sentences.
A. 1. Моя сестра умеет плавать, но не умеет кататься
на лыжах. 2. Ты умеешь говорить по-японски? 3. Она
не умеет водить автомобиль. 4. Мой дедушка мог
кататься на велосипеде, когда он был молодым, но
теперь он не может. 5. В прошлом году Боб не умел
играть в теннис, а сейчас умеет. 6. Не могли ли бы вы
мне помочь? 7. Я не могу перевести это предложение.
8. Миссис Готтман умела танцевать, когда она училась
в школе? 9. Можно мне позвонить? 10. Все студенты
умеют пользоваться компьютером.
B. 1.
Мы не сможем провести вместе Рождество.
2. Мой брат сможет пробыть у
нас три недели.
3.
Они смогли узнать его, когда встретились.
4.
Я не смогу
встретить вас в аэропорту, так как буду занят.
5.
Tом и Барбара смогли пойти на
вечеринку?. 6. Когда вы сможете отвезти нас в Оксфорд? 7. Где он смог найти
эту книгу.
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U
U
U
N
N
N
I
I
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T
T
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5
5
5
A JOB INTERVIEW
61
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
A JOB INTERVIEW
Jake is telling Sylvia about his interview for a job in a car showroom.
“The manager said that employees must wear clean,
smart clothes while they are at work. They mustn’t wear jeans
or trainers! They mustn’t smoke or drink in any part of the
building, and they must eat all their meals in the canteen. They
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