The most famous are Robert Burns, Sir Walter Scott and
Robert Louis Stevenson.
The weather is nice but it is colder than it is back home.
Scotland is the coldest part of the UK and has the longest
winters, but winter here is beautiful. I am wearing thicker
clothes.
My room here is smaller than mine at home, but it is the
brightest orange. It is going to be more expensive to live here,
as I pay for the heating.
I started college yesterday and found the course harder
than I thought. But the teacher is the nicest person in the
world!
I‟m sorry I didn‟t write sooner, but I‟m busier than the
other students as I work in the evenings.
Love, Stephen
II. NOTES
Scotland ['skɔtlənd]
Шотландия
Edinburgh ['edɪnbərə]
Эдинбург
Robert Burns [ˈrɔbət ˈbə:nz]
Роберт Бернс
Sir Walter Scott [ˈsə:ˈwɔːltəˈskɔt]
Сэр Вальтер Скотт
Robert Louis Stevenson [ˈlu:is ˈsti:vənsən]
Роберт Льюис Стивенсон
Stephen ['stiːvən]
Стивен
96
III. VOCABULARY
1.
to have a good time
I am having a good time here.
хорошо проводить время
Мне здесь хорошо.
2.
mountain ['mauntɪn]
гора
3.
lake [leɪk]
at/on a lake
Scotland
has
the
most
beautiful
mountains and lakes in Britain.
озеро
на озере
В Шотландии самые красивые горы
и озера Великобритании.
4.
lovely ['lʌvlɪ]
to have a lovely time
The loveliest city in Scotland is
Edinburgh.
красивый, прекрасный
отлично провести время
Самый
красивый
город
в
Шотландии – Эдингбург.
5.
financial [faɪ'nænʃəl]
Edinburgh is Britain‟s most important
financial centre outside London.
финансовый
Эдинбург
–
самый
важный
финансовый центр Британии за
пределами Лондона.
6.
to produce [prə'djuːs]
Edinburgh produced many famous
['feɪməs] writers.
производить, выпускать
Эдинбург
дал
миру
многих
знаменитых писателей.
7.
thick
[θɪk]
I am wearing thicker clothes.
толстый, плотный
Я ношу более теплую одежду.
8.
heating ['hiːtɪŋ]
central heating
I pay for the heating.
отопление
центральное отопление
Я плачу за отопление.
9.
to start college
I started college yesterday and found the
course [kɔːs] harder than I thought.
приступить к занятиям в
университете
Я приступил к занятиям вчера и
обнаружил, что учиться труднее,
чем я думал.
10.
to be busy ['bɪzɪ]
with smth.
He was busy with his work.
I‟m busier than the other students as I
work in the evenings.
быть занятым ч-л
Он был занят работой.
Я более занят, чем другие
студенты, так как я работаю по
вечерам.
97
IV. COMPREHENSION CHECK
1. ANSWER THE QUESTIONS:
1.
What kind of lakes and mountains does Scotland have?
2.
What city is the loveliest in Scotland?
3.
What city is the most important financial center outside London?
4.
What is the weather like in Scotland?
5.
What kind of winters does Scotland have?
6.
What kind of clothes is Stephen wearing?
7.
What color are the walls in his room?
8.
What does he write about his teacher?
9.
Why was he unable to write sooner?
2. SAY IF THE SENTENCES ARE TRUE OR FALSE. CORRECT
THE FALSE ONES
1. Stephen thinks that the loveliest city in Wales is Edinburgh.
2. Edinburgh is Scotland‟s most important financial centre.
3. Edinburgh produced many famous painters.
4. The weather is nice but it is hotter than it is back home.
5. Scotland is the warmest part of the UK and has the shortest winters.
6. Stephen is wearing thinner clothes.
7. His room in Scotland is bigger than his room at home.
8. His room is the brightest yellow.
9. It is going to be cheaper to live in Scotland.
10. Stephen started college yesterday and found the course easier than he thought.
V. GRAMMAR: DEGREES OF COMPARISON
(СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ)
Прилагательные имеют три степени сравнения: положительную,
сравнительную и превосходную.
Сравнительная степень используется для сравнения двух предметов или
людей.
Превосходная степень используется для сравнения трех и более людей
или предметов.
Существует два способа образования сравнительной и превосходной
степени. Использование того или иного способа определяется количеством
слогов прилагательного.
98
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЙ И ПРЕВОСХОДНОЙ СТЕПЕНИ
ОДНОСЛОЖНЫХ И НЕКОТОРЫХ ДВУСЛОЖНЫХ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ
Сравнительная степень односложных прилагательных, а также
двусложных прилагательных, оканчивающихся на -y, -e, -er, -ow образуется
путем прибавления к ним суффикса -er. Превосходная степень этих
прилагательных образуется путем прибавления суффикса -est. Как правило,
перед прилагательным в превосходной степени ставится определенный
артикль.
ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ
warm
(теплый)
warmer
(теплее)
the warmest
(самый теплый)
easy
(легкий)
easier
(легче)
the easiest
(самый легкий)
simple
(простой)
simpler
(проще)
the simplest
(самый простой)
сlever
(умный)
сleverer
(умнее)
the сleverest
(самый умный)
narrow
(узкий)
narrower
(уже)
the narrowest
(самый узкий)
Tom is taller than Richard.
Robert is the tallest of the three.
Том выше, чем Ричард.
Роберт самый высокий из троих.
ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНОЙ И ПРЕВОСХОДНОЙ СТЕПЕНИ
ДВУСЛОЖНЫХ И МНОГОСЛОЖНЫХ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ
Остальные двусложные, а также многосложные прилагательные образуют
сравнительную степень с помощью more [mɔː] (более), а превосходную – с
помощью most [məust] (самый).
ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ
beautiful
(красивый)
more beautiful
(красивее)
the most beautiful
(самый красивый)
interesting
(интересный)
more interesting
(интереснее)
the most interesting
(самый интересный)
ОБРАТИТЕ ВНИМАНИЕ
: Некоторые двусложные прилагательные, такие
как stupid (stupider/ more stupid), pleasant (pleasanter/ more pleasant), polite
(politer/ more polite) и др., могут образовывать степени сравнения обоими
способами.
99
СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ: ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ
щ
Необходимо запомнить образование степеней сравнения следующих
прилагательных:
ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ
good
(хороший)
better
(лучше)
the best
(самый лучший)
bad
(плохой)
worse
(хуже)
the worst
(самый плохой)
little
(маленький)
less
(меньше)
the least
(самый маленький)
many, much
(много)
more
(больше)
the most
(больше всего)
VI. EXERCISES
1. Point out the degree of comparison of each adjective.
modern, reasonable, dearer, most important, high, cheapest, light, more polite, higher,
dear, most modern, cheap, more important, important, highest, dearest, polite, lighter,
most polite, more modern, most reasonable, cheaper, most reasonable, lightest.
2. Form the comparative and superlative degrees of the adjectives.
a. small, young, thin, busy, thick, tall, fine, new, straight, few, easy, dirty, clever,
narrow, silly, short, long, fat, cold, deep, weak, wide.
b. famous, beautiful, difficult, serious, comfortable, expensive, suitable, charming.
3. Open the brackets using comparative and superlative adjectives.
1. This man is (good) than that one. 2. Nick's English is (bad) than his friend's. 3.
This café is (bad) place to eat out in the town. 4. This man is (clever) than that one.
Mary is (good) student in her class. 5. I am (strong) than you. 6. Kate is (lazy) than
her brother. 7. This child is (small) than that one. 8. The Volga is (short) than the
Mississippi. 9. Which building is the (high) in Moscow? 10. Mary is a (good) student
than Lucy. 11. The Alps are (high) than the Urals. 12. She speaks Italian (good) than
English. 13. Is the word "newspaper" (long) than the word "book"? 14. The Thames
is (short) than the Volga. 15. The Arctic Ocean is (cold) than the Indian Ocean. 16.
Chinese is (difficult) than English. 17. Today the weather is (cold) than it was
yesterday. 18. This book is (interesting) of all I read last year. 19. January is the
(cold) month of the year. 20. My sister speaks English (bad) than I do. 21. Which is
the (beautiful) place in this part of the country? 22. This nice-looking girl is the
(good) student in our group. 23. Asia is (large) than Australia.
100
4. Find the word that has a different comparative form. Form the comparative
degree of the word.
1. nice cheap small interesting
2. easy intelligent happy friendly
3. safe polluted dangerous beautiful
4. big nice good cold
5. sceptical modern ugly historical
6. cheap clean safe expensive
more interesting
………………….
………………….
………………….
………………….
………………….
5. Make up sentences.
Example: This apple / big / that apple. - This apple is bigger than that apple.
1. English / difficult / German
2. my composition / long / your composition
3. this house / old / that one
4. John / rich / Don
5. my dog / friendly / your dog
6. a football match / interesting / hockey match
7. this hotel / cheap / that hotel
8. his songs / popular / the Beatles‟ songs
9. he / intelligent / his wife
10. the Volga / long / the Ob
щ
6. Read the sentences and say whether they are true or false
1. Mosquitoes are more dangerous than sharks.
2. Brown eggs are healthier than white eggs.
3. The Earth is hotter than Mars.
4. Coffee is more popular than tea in the UK.
5. Tigers are better swimmers than cats.
6. An adult is shorter in the morning than in the evening.
7. White cars are safer than red cars.
8. The word “yes” is more common than the word “no”.
101
7. Make sentences with the correct comparative form.
Example:Betty is happy. Bob is very happy. - Bob is happier than Betty………….
1. Susan is very thin. Joe is thin………………………………………….……………
2. Jenny is very old. Her sister is old…………………………………………………...
3. Polly is heavy. Molly is very heavy…………………………………………………
4. Paul is very tall. Laura is tall………………………………………………………..
5. Diane is very pretty. Her sister is pretty. ……………………………………………
6. The secretary is very smart. Her boss is smart……………………………….…….
7. Dave is noisy. Philip is very noisy………………………………………….………
8. Mike is very messy. His secretary is messy……….…………………………..…….
8. Look at the chart below. Then make superlative sentences about Jean, Donna,
and Connie.
Jane
Donna
Connie
30 years old
34 years old
27 years old
159 centimeters tall
165 centimeters tall
178 centimeters tall
67 kilos
69 kilos
62 kilos
very pretty
pretty
not very pretty
very neat
neat
not very neat
smart
very smart
smart
very quiet
quiet
not very quiet
Example: very quiet… quiet… not very quiet. - Jane is the quietest.
2. old ………………………………………………………………………………...…
3. young ……………………………………………………………………….….……
4. tall ……………………………………………………………………….……….….
5. short…………………………………………………………………….……….…...
6. heavy ………………………………………………………………….……….…….
7. light ……………………………………………………………………….………....
8. pretty ……………………………………………………………………….……..…
9. neat ………………………………………………………………….………......…..
10. smart ……………………………………………………………………………….
102
9. Make sentences with the most. Express your own opinion.
Example: Wine, cigarettes, and coffee are all harmful. - Cigarettes are the most
harmful.
1. Basketball, hockey and football are all exciting.
2. Dogs, cats, and horses are all intelligent.
3. Italian food, Chinese food, and French food are all delicious.
4. Gold, silver, and copper are all valuable.
5. Fords, Cadillacs, and Volkswagens are all popular.
6. Nylon, cotton, and polyester are all practical.
7. Concerts, ballets, and movies are all interesting.
8. Photographs, sculptures, and paintings are all beautiful.
9. Paula Abdul, Madonna, and Whitney Houston are all famous.
10. Make comparative or superlative sentences. Express your own opinion.
Example: Avatar and Matrix are both interesting movies. - Avatar is more
interesting.
1. Tennis, baseball, and soccer are all exciting sports.
2. Skiing and golf are both expensive sports.
3. Madonna and Cher are both good singers.
4. Concerts, ballet, movies, and TV are all popular forms of entertainment.
5. Talk shows, game shows, and comedies are all interesting TV programs.
6. Disneyland and Eurodisney are both large amusement parks.
7. Tom Cruise, Tom Hanks, and Michael Douglas are all good actors.
8. Photographs and painting are both beautiful.
9. Chess and checkers are both popular games.
11. Open the brackets using the appropriate degree of comparison.
1. Oil is (light) than water. 2. A bus is (fast) than a tram. 3. Take some of these
sweets: they are very (nice). They are (nice) than the sweets in that box. 4. The (tall)
trees in the world grow in California. 5. Bobby was a (quiet) child. He was (quiet)
than his sister. 6. Her eyes are (grey) than mine. 7. He was the (big) man in the
village. 8. My sister is the (tall) girl in her class. 9. This is the (beautiful) view in the
world. 10. Kate is (beautiful) than Ann.11. My room is (light) than this one. 12. This
book is (thin) than that one. 13. Mr. Todd is (old) than Mr. Filding. 14. She is (young)
than Tom's brother. 15. Which is the (hot) month of the year? 16. This park is the
(beautiful) in our town.
103
12. Fill in the gaps with the comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in
brackets, adding any necessary words.
Yesterday was 1) .......the coldest.......
(cold) day of the year. It had been snowing
all night and everything was white. The
children woke up 2).............................
(early) usual. They were excited because
the snow was 3)...........................(deep)
ever before and they wanted to go outside
and
play.
We
dressed
them
in
4)............................(warm) clothes we could find, then they went out into the garden.
We watched from the window as they built 5)............................. (big) snowman I
have ever seen. As the snow was falling 6)............................(hard) ever, the children
soon came inside to warm up. They were laughing as if they had heard
7).....................................(funny) joke ever told. They said that they thought winter
was 8) ............................... (good) season of all.
12. Translate into English.
A. 1. «Звездные войны» – это интересный фильм. «Гарри Поттер» – это более
интересный фильм. «Аватар» - это самый интересный фильм. 3. Ее работа
очень важна. Его работа важнее. Моя работа самая важная. 4. Том принес Элис
красивый цветок. Роберт принес Мэри более красивый цветок. Джеффри
принес Лоре самый красивый цветок. 5. М-р Смит рассказал нам о счастливом
человеке. М-р Блэк рассказал нам о более счастливом человеке. М-р Грин
рассказал нам о самом счастливом человеке. 6. Этот дом выше того. 7. Сегодня
вода в реке холоднее, чем вчера. 8. Папа умнее тебя. 9. Китай больше Индии.
10. Его бабушка моложе дедушки. 11. Я знаю смешную историю. Он знает
более смешную историю. Она знает самую смешную историю. 12. Наша кошка
меньше нашей собаки. 13. Мой брат моложе меня. 14. В прошлом году февраль
был холоднее января. 15. Днепр короче Волги.
B. 1. В Шотландии реки и озера более красивые, чем в Британии. 2. Эдинбург –
самый красивый город в Шотландии. 3. Эдинбург – самый важный финансовый
центр кроме Лондона. 4. Погода в Шотландии холоднее, чем в Британии. 5.
Шотландия – самая холодная часть Соединенного королевства. 6. Я ношу более
теплую одежду, чем дома. 7. Моя комната здесь меньше, чем дома. 8. Жить
здесь дороже, чем дома. 9. Курс оказался труднее, чем я думал. 9. Но учитель –
милейший человек. 10. Я не писал раньше, потому что я более занят, чем
другие студенты.
104
U
U
U
N
N
N
I
I
I
T
T
T
9
9
9
B
B
B
E
E
E
S
S
S
T
T
T
O
O
O
F
F
F
T
T
T
H
H
H
E
E
E
B
B
B
E
E
E
S
S
S
T
T
T
–
–
–
C
C
C
A
A
A
P
P
P
E
E
E
T
T
T
O
O
O
W
W
W
N
N
N
105
I. LISTENING AND READING
Listen to the text
Read and translate the text
BEST OF THE BEST – CAPE TOWN
Cape Town is one of South Africa's most beautiful cities. Cape
Town is famous for its beaches, mountains and wine. There are
lots of things to do and see during your visit.
The most exciting thing to do
Cape Town sits next to the beautiful Table Mountain. Table
Mountain is 1,086 meters high and is the most famous
mountain in South Africa. If you visit Cape Town, you must
take a cable car up to the top of the mountain. You can also go
walking around the top of the mountain.
The most frightening activity
The ocean near Cape Town is famous for sharks. On special
adventure tours you can go diving with a great white shark. This
is an experience that you will never forget!
The best shopping
For many reasons the Victoria and Albert Waterfront is the best
and most popular shopping centre in the city. You can find
cheap jewellery, good books and quality clothes at the shopping
centre. If you want African paintings and souvenirs, go
shopping at the Green Point Market on Sundays. There are
hundreds of little shops at the market, and some are cheaper
than others.
The most expensive place to stay
The Cape Grace is a five-star hotel next to the sea in Cape
Town. At Cape Grace you can go swimming in the pool, relax in
the spa or read in the library. The hotel bar has more than 420
different kinds of whisky!
The most historical place
If you want to go sightseeing, you must go to Robben Island.
Robben Island was one of South Africa's worst prisons during
apartheid. Nelson Mandela, former president of South Africa,
spent 27 years in prison on Robben Island.
106
The wildest night out
Cape Town is home to the biggest nightclub in South Africa,
the Dockside. The giant building has a dance floor for 5,000
people.
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