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| Relations of Foreign Language Method to Pedagogy.
Pedagogy is a science connected with the teaching and education of the younger generation. Since methods also deal with the problems of teaching and education, it is most closely related to pedagogy. To study foreign language teaching one must know pedagogy. One branch of pedagogy is called didactics. Didactics studies general ways of teaching in schools. Methods as compared to didactics, study the specific ways of teaching a definite subject. Thus it may be considered special didactics. Pedagogy is the science or general theory, of the bringing up and teaching of children and the young, in other terms, the science of education in the narrower sense and instruction of education in the wider sense. It consists, accordingly, of two main divisions: educational pedagogy and instructional pedagogy. Instructional pedagogy is called didactics, otherwise method or methods. In foreign language teaching, as well as in teaching of mathematics, history, and other subjects taught in school, general principles of didactics are applied and, in their turn, influence and enrich didactics. For example, the so-called “principle of visualization” was first introduced in teaching foreign languages. Now it has become one of the fundamental principles of didactics and is used in teaching all school subjects without exception. Programmed instruction was first applied to teaching mathematics. Now through didactics it is used in teaching many subjects, including foreign languages. It is the task of the specialist in methods of teaching foreign languages not only to seek for the best methods of imparting to the students knowledge and skills, and of training them in good habits, but also to look out for the best means of educating the students through the subject. FLT and Psychology. One cannot develop language skills (listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing) of our students effectively if we do not know and take into account the psychology of habits and skills, the ways of forming them, the influence of formerly acquired habits on the formation of new ones, and many other necessary factors that psychology can supply us with. Since bringing up and teaching children are particular modes of combined physical and mental activity, it is clear that psychological 8 principles must largely contribute to the theoretical foundation of pedagogy in general and of methods of teaching in particular. Pedagogy and psychology may be said to overlap each other, or like two interesting circles, to have a common area, which bears the name of “educational psychology”. This relationship may be represented graphically as follows: Pedagogy - Educational Pedagogy - Psychology. At present we have much material in the field of psychology which can be applied to teaching a foreign language. For example, N.I. Zinkin a prominent Soviet psychologist in his investigation of the mechanisms of speech came to the conclusion that words and rules of combining them are most probably dormant in the kinetic center of the brain. When the ear receives a signal it reaches the brain, its hearing center and then passes to the kinetic center. Thus, if a teacher wants his students to speak English he must use all the opportunities he has to make them hear or speak it. Furthermore, to master a second language is to acquire another code, another way of receiving and transmitting information. To create this new code in the most effective way one must take into consideration certain psychological factors. Effective learning of a foreign language depends to a great extent on the students’ memory. That is why a teacher must know how he can help his students to memorize successfully and retain in memory the language material they learn. Psychology allows the methodologists to determine the so-called psychological content of teaching i.e. what habits and skills should be developed in students to acquire language proficiently. Psychology also helps Methods in selecting techniques for teaching and learning, i.e. how to teach in the most effective way, for example, under what conditions students can learn words, phrases, sentence-patterns more effectively, or how to ensure students memorizing new words in an easier way. жүктеу/скачать 1,01 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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