В. А. Шляхова, О. Н. Герасина, Ю. А. Герасина английский язык для экономистов english for economists
жүктеу/скачать 1,06 Mb. Pdf көрінісі
|
| TEXT XI
(To be read after Unit X To be read after Unit X) Прочтите текст и выполните последующее задание. Risks of Business Employers obtain their net profits only after they have paid all expenses arising out of their business activities: interest, payments for machinery, wages and overheads generally. The surplus is not usually available only for employers and their families. Part of it goes to those who have provided the initial capital needed to start a business. There is always an element of risk in providing capital for new business. Such business may fail. Both those who provide the capital and those who run the business agree to bear the risk, the employers of such businesses are not expected to bear any risk. If the business is successful and the risk has been justified, the invested capital earns part of the profits as a return on the investment at the period, which the capital was at risk. When capital, labor and enterprise combine to make business successful, the business must still continue to compete on the market with other companies producing the same type of commodity. The term ‘market’, as used by economists, is a logical extension from the idea of a place set for buying and selling. Formerly, part of town was kept as a marketplace, and country people would come in on market-days to buy and sell. Markets today need not however be located in any fixed place: the sugar market and the cotton market are not geographical locations, but simply a set of conditions which permit buyers and sellers to work together. In a free market, competition takes place among sellers in order to sell their commodities at the best possible price, which suits them. Such competition influences prices. Changes in supply and demand have their effects, and can take place over periods of weeks and months. |