В. А. Шляхова, О. Н. Герасина, Ю. А. Герасина английский язык для экономистов english for economists
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(To be read after Unit XII To be read after Unit XII) Прочтите текст и выполните последующие задания. Taxation In the United States, federal, state and local governments cover their expenses through taxation. In general local governments receive most of their tax revenues from property taxes. State governments traditionally are depended on sales taxes. The federal government’s main source of revenue is the income tax. Other federal taxes include the corporate profit tax and social insurance (Social Security) taxes. The government can also use its own spending and taxing activities to achieve specific objectives. This is called fiscal policy. By increasing or decreasing its spending or taxing programs, the federal government may reduce or increase demand for goods and services. If the government reduces its own spending, it buys less from business, reducing sales and earnings, and people have less money to spend. If the government raises taxes, people also have less money to spend. Spending and taxing policies work together to increase or decrease aggregate demand. For example, if the government taxes are greater than it spends, it causes a net reduction in the flow of income to people and busi- nesses, because this reduces aggregate demand for goods and ser- vices. It is a method for fighting inflation. Fiscal policy uses budget deficits or surpluses to promote economic stability and growth. 141 Yet, there are some problems associated with the use of fis- cal policy. Higher taxes are unpopular with both individuals and businesses because this means a reduction in funds used to help education, health care and other services. Задание 1. Переведите текст на русский язык. Задание 2. Найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы. 1. What is the main federal government’s source of rev- enue? 2. What does fiscal policy mean? 3. What takes place if the government reduces its spending? 4. What are the problems associated with the use of fiscal policy? жүктеу/скачать 1,06 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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