Эдеби сын тарихы
571
SUMMARY
If the improvement of social life is depended directly on the level of criticism and self-criticism
development in it, then the prosperity of literature is also associated closely with the literary criticism.
The bistory o f the Kazakh literary criticism originated from the spiritual needs o f the people
since
the dawn o f the ancient times. It has evolved, improved with the development o f society, to explore
the life at the crossroads o f literature, science about
it, printed publications, thus analyze, evaluate
achievements and
shortcomings o f the literature. The Kazakh literary criticism passed a long way as
an assistant to
the reader in the
process o f correct understanding o f the literaiy works.
The main source o f the Kazakh literary criticism is folk aesthetic, which spawned many priceless
treasures of oral Kazakh literature. The basis o f the spiritual life o f Kazakh people, who believed the
word sacred phenomenon, revered it as their spiritual mentor, and fidelity to the
spoken word was
conscious as the chief duty of their lives - all o f these are literary legacy that has stood the sever
est tests of many centuries, that is not an exaggeration. The remarkable inferences about the art o f
words ate often found in the samples of oia\ Uteiatrae, ancient literary monuments, ’
not
V
s
of akyns
and zhyrau.
Science and education were improved together with the development of social life. Scientific and
artistic works of great philosophers - Ch.Valikhanov, I.Altynsarin, A.Kunanbaev which are repre
sentatives of Kazakh nation, characterized by an abundance of valuable literary thoughts, written in
different circumstances.
In fact, the critic lives on the pages o f publications. There are clear signs o f criticism in thinking
about Kazakh literature published on the pages of «Turkestan newspapers», «Steppe newspapers».
After this period, the historic merit in the development o f the Kazakh literary criticism had «Aikap»
magazine and «Kazakh» newspaper. The basis of national literary criticism was formed on mate
rial, published on the pages of the above mentioned periodicals, carried out the formation of literary
criticism as with genre, as with the ideological sides. The articles o f outstanding representatives of
this trend, which is called alashskaya literary criticism, A.Baitursynov, M.Dulatov,M.Zhumabayev,
Zh.Aymauytov and others as the best examples o f art critics still have not lost the urgency and sci
entific value.
The Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia became a harbinger o f the beginning o f a new so
cialist society building. The profound changes have been occurred both in the social order, and in
the spiritual life. New era expressed their demands and to the literature, and to its criticism. Thus, in
fiction was introduced a method of artistic realism. The literature took the form o f monotony using
this method, which required promoting only
socialist ideas, the leadership o f the working class in
social development. Any dissent was severely punished, the works with these ideas were considered
alien to people, the authors o f these works were persecuted under the supremacy o f such ideological
setting. The opinion that every poet had to be the herald of his time is inculcated, in consequence of
such ideological setting all akuns who lived before the victory o f socialist revolution, starting from
Abaya were considered as the akuns o f feudalism. The supporters o f this extreme view tried to turn
all the best samples of the Kazakh literary heritage, which were created
in the past into historical
rubbish, referring to the need for glorifying the new era by a new generation.
At the beginning of the existence of Soviet authority in the 1920s o f last century, in Kazakh litera
ture around these issues, such as: what is literature, the ways in which it develops - the global debates
flared up: the part of participants in these discussions supported the continuity o f national
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