В печени животных данной группы линейный коэффициент корреляции между содержанием
цинка и возрастом собак r =0,98; кобальта r=0,98; никеля r=0,97; хрома r=0,98; меди r=0,98; кадмия
r=0,94 (табл. 7).
Таблица 7
–
Содержание канцерогенных тяжелых металлов в печени условно здоровых
собак, обитавших на неблагополучных территориях.
Возраст
Цинк
Кобальт
Никель
Хром
Медь
Кадмий
4 года
10,6000±
0,3000
0
,0584±
0,0130
0,9548±
0,0800
0,1568±
0,0300
4,0880±
0,0300
0,0453±
0,0600
5 лет
12,3690±
0,6000
0,0745±
0,0140
1,4570±
0,0900
0,1947±
0,0200
6,6960±
0,9300
0,0670±
0,0090
7 лет
13,8075±
1,1800
0,0827±
0,0110
1,7523±
0,1000
0,2108±
0,0090
8,1900±
0,7300
0
,1175±
0,0110
11 лет
17,2398±
0,4600
0,1091±
0,0110
2,4477±
0,1300
0,8836±
0,0900
18,7212±
1,0300
0,1734±
0,0200
В почках данный показатель между содержанием цинка и возрастом составил r =0,91; кобаль
-
та r=0,95; никеля r=0,96; хрома r=0,94; меди r=0,95; кадмия r=0,93 (табл. 8).
Таблица 8–
Содержание канцерогенных тяжелых металлов в почках условно здоровых
собак, обитавших на неблагополучных территориях.
Возраст
Цинк
Кобальт
Никель
Хром
Медь
Кадмий
4 года
7,2560±
0,2400
0,0614±
0,0009
0,7715±
0,0700
0,1920±
0,0100
1,3327±
0,0800
0,0338±
0,0110
5 лет
11,6259±
0,5900
0,0835±
0,0070
2,0398±
0,1500
0,1937±
0,0200
2,2015±
0,0400
0,0557±
0,0130
7 лет
12,0993±
0,3700
0,0926±
0,0130
3,4139±
0,1100
0,2502±
0,0060
3,1307±
0,1700
0,0844±
0,0130
11 лет
20,042
0±
0,8000
0,1701±
0,0009
7,5400±
0,1300
0,9580±
0,1800
7,2500±
1,3200
0,1578±
0,0140
Выводы
Анализ количественного содержания тя
-
желых металлов в органах собак страдавших он
-
кологической патологией показал достоверное
их увеличение по сравнению с органами условно
здоровых собак, обитавших на неблагополучных
по экологическому состоянию территориях.
Полученные результаты дают основание
считать содержание тяжелых металлов в орга
-
нах условно здоровых собак, обитавших на не
-
благополучных по экологическому состоянию
ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ
79
территориях как пограничные пороговые. Незна
-
чительное превышение содержания любого из
них может привести к развитию опухолевого
процесса.
Литература:
1. Рубенчик, Б.Л. Экологические аспекты
образования канцерогенных N
-
нитросоединений
и профилактика рака / Б.Л. Рубенчик, А.И. Быко
-
рез // Образование канцерогенных N
-
соединений
в экосистемах: 2 Всесоюз. симпозиум по эколо
-
гической онкологии. –
Киев, 1990. –
С. 5–
10.
2. Плисс, Г.Б. О возможных промоцирующих
свойствах нитрата натрия при канцерогенезе
мочевого пузыря у крыс / Г.Б. Плисс, А.Г. Фролов
// Образование канцерогенных N
-
нитрозосоеди
-
нений в экосистемах: 2 Всесоюз. симпозиум по
экологической онкологии. –Киев, 1990.–С. 33–
34.
3. Федоров, Л.А. Диоксины как экологичес
-
кая опасность: Ретроспективы и перспективы /
Л.А. Федоров. –
М.: Наука, 1993. –
226 с.
4. Демаков, В.А. Эколого
-
генетические ис
-
следования в оценке качества окружающей сре
-
ды / В.А. Демаков, А.А. Еремина // Образование
канцерогенных
N-
нитрозосоединений в экосис
-
темах: 2 Всесоюз. Симпозиум по экологической
онкологии. –
Киев, 1990. –
С. 44–
45.
5. Попкова, С.М. Микробная экология чело
-
века в условиях техногенного прессинга про
-
мышленных городов Восточной Сибири / дис. …
д
-
ра биол. наук / С.М. Попкова. –
Иркутск,
2004.
–
301 с.
References:
1. Rubenchik B.L. Environmental aspects of
the formation of carcinogenic N-nitro compounds
and cancer prevention / B.L. Rubenchik, A.I.Bykorez
// Formation of carcinogenic N-compounds in eco-
systems: 2 All-Union. Symposium on Environmental
Oncology. - Kyiv, 1990. - P. 5-10.
2. PlissG.B. On possible promotsiruyuschih
properties of sodium nitrate in carcinogenesis in
rat’s bladder / GB Pliss, AG Frolov // Education car
-
cinogenic N- nitroso compounds in ecosystems: 2
All-Union. Symposium on Environmental Oncology.
- Kyiv, 1990. - P. 33-34.
3. Fedorov L.A. Dioxins as an environmental
hazard: retrospect and prospect / LA Fedorov. - M.:
Nauka, 1993 - 226 p.
4. Demakov V.A. Ecological and genetic stu-
dies in the evaluation of environmental quality / V.A.
Demakov A.A.Eremina // Education carcinogenic N-
nitroso compounds in ecosystems: 2 All-Union.
Symposium on Environmental Oncology. - Kyiv,
1990. - P. 44-45
5. PopkovS.M. Microbial ecology of man in the
conditions of anthropogenic pressure industrial cities
of Eastern Siberia / Diss.Dr. biol. Science / S.M.
Popkov. - Irkutsk, 2004. - 301 p.
Сведения об авторе
Монтаева Нургуль Сарсенбековна
-
PhD докторант специальности 6D120200 –
«Ветери
-
нарная санитария» кафедры «Эпизоотологии, паразитологии и ВСЭ» Западно
-
Казахстанского
аграрно
-
технического университета имени Жангир хана, магистр ветеринарии, г Уральск, ул.
Жангирхана 51, тел. 87057037687,
e-mail:montayeva-n@mail.ru
Грабаревич Ж.
-
PhD, профессор кафедры «Патология животных» Загребского
университета, г.Загреб, Хорватия
,
Хайнцлова 53,
e-mail: zgrabar@vet.hr
Монтаева Нұргул Сарсенбекқызы –
Жәңгірхан атындағы Батыс Қазақстан аграрлық
-
тех
-
никалық университетінің «Эпизоотология,паразитология және ВСС» кафедрасының 6D120200
«Ветеринарлық санитария» мамандығы бойынша PhD докторанты, Орал қ. Жәңгірхан кӛшесі.
51,тел. 87057037687,
e-mail:montayeva-n@mail.ru
Грабаревич Ж. «Жануарлар патологиясы» кафедрасының профессоры, PhD, Загреб
университеті, Загреб қ. Хорватия, Хайнцлова 53,
e-mail:
zgrabar@vet.hr
,
Montayeva Nurgul Sarsenbekovna- PhD student specialty 6D120200 -
«Veterinary sanitation»
Department of «Epizootology, parasitology and VSE» West
-Kazakhstan agrarian technical university named
after Zhangir khan, master of veterinary, Uralsk, Zhangirkhan avenue 51, phone. 87057037687,
email:montayeva-n@mail.ru
Grabarevich Z. - PhD, professor of the department "Pathology of animals", University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia,Heinzlova 53, e-mail: zgrabar@vet.hr
ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ
80
УДК
619:616:995.1:636.2
HELMINTHIASES OF CATTLE IN KOSTANAY REGION
Muratova D.I. - Master of Veterinary Science, Lecturer Department of Veterinary Sanitation Kostanay
State University named after A.Baitursynov.
Kravchenko A.V.- PhD doctoral, Kostanai State University A.Baitursynov named after A.Baitursynov.
The article describes the common helminth infections in cattle. The article describes the common
helminth infections in cattle.
The conditions have created a mixed economy, a high enough level of veterinary and sanitary services
in the fragmented livestock farms has led to an increase in infectious and parasitic diseases. A special place
among the diseases of cattle occupy helminth infections, which cause great economic losses due to a
significant reduction in meat and milk production, reducing the breeding value of calves, resistance of the
body and often death of animals. In addition, some helminth infections (bovisny cysticercosis, hydatid
disease) are gelmintozoonozami and represent a constant danger of human infection.
In the Kostanay region Helminths infestation of cattle in recent years has increased due to change
ownership and financial conditions of farms,which mostly can't purchase antihelmithical drugs and
dehelmithade animals on regular basis.
In the region of helminth infections in cattle is not yet fully understood. To date, poorly understood
helminthofauna cattle degree invazirovannosti its most common types of worms , the timing of infection in
calves, changes in the structure and abundance of worms in cattle, depending on the age of the animals ,
seasons and zonal characteristics of the region .
Laboratory researches consisted of koproskopical studies using the methods of Darling and Fuliborn.
Keywords: helminthiases, prevention, kaproskopical, research, immunological method.
ҚОСТАНАЙ ОБЛЫСЫ БОЙЫНША ІРІ ҚАРА МАЛДАРДЫҢ
ГЕЛЬМИНТТІК АУРУЛАРЫ
Мұратова Д.И. –
в.ғ.м., А.Байтұрсынов атындағы Қостанай мемлекеттік университеті
ветеринарлық санитария кафедрасының оқытушысы
Кравченко А.В.
-
в.ғ.м., А.Байтұрсынов атындағы Қостанай мемлекеттік университетінің PhD
докторанты
Бұл мақалада жиі кездесетін ірі қара малдарының гельминтозы туралы баяндалған, сонымен
қатар, гельминтозды аурулармен күресу шаралары қарастырылған.
Кӛп қолданбалы экономика құру жағдайларында, бӛлініп кеткен фермерлік шаруашылықтар
-
дағы мал шаруашылығына ветеринарлық
-
санитарлық қызмет кӛрсету деңгейінің жеткіліксіздігі
инфекциялық және инвазиялық ауруларды тудырды. Әсіресе, мал ауруларының ішінен гельмин
-
тоздар орын алады, олар ет және сүт ӛнімдерінің біршама тӛмендеуі салдарынан, жас малдың
асыл тұқымдылығының, ағза тӛзімділігі мен жануарлардың сирек ӛлуінің тӛмендеуі әсерінен үлкен
экономикалық шығындар келтіреді. Одан
басқа, кейбір гельминтоздар (қойдың цистеркозы,
эхино
-
коккозы) гельминтозооноздар болып табылады және адамдардың зақымдалуына тұрақты қауіп
тӛндіреді.
Қостанай облысындағы ірі қара малдың гельминттік ауыруы жоғарылап кетті, ауылшаруа
-
шылығына қиындық әкеп түсірді, кӛбінің антигельминтті препараттар алуға шамалары келмейді.
Ірі қара мал гельминттері толықтай тексерілмеді .Ірі қара малдың гельминтофауна ауруы
тӛмен анықталған, сондықтан ауру жоғарылап кетті , малдың бұл ауруының жағдайы жануардың
жасына, денсаулығына және табиғаттық жағдайына байланысты болады.
Зертханалық зерттеулер келесі әдістердің кӛмегімен капроскопиялық зерттеулерден
тұрды: Дарлинг, Фюлеборн
Маңызды сӛздер: гельминтоздар, алдын –
алу, капроскопиялық зерттеу,иммунологиялық
әдіс.
ГЕЛЬМИНТОЗЫ КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА В КОСТАНАЙСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Муратова Д.И. –
м.в.н, преподаватель кафедры ветеринарной санитарии, Костанайский
государственный университет имени А.Байтурсынова.
Кравченко А.В.
-
докторант
PhD
, Костанайский государственный университет имени
А.Байтурсынова
ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ
81
В статье изложены часто встречающиеся гельминтозы крупного рогатого скота.
В условиях создавшейся многоукладной экономики, недостаточно высокий ветеринарно
-
санитарный уровень обслуживания животноводства в раздробленных фермерских хозяйствах
привел к повышению инфекционных и инвазионных заболеваний. Особое место среди заболеваний
скота занимают гельминтозы, которые причиняют большой экономический ущерб вследствие
значительного снижения мясной и молочной продуктивности, снижения племенной ценности мо
-
лодняка, резистентности организма и нередко падежа животных. Кроме того, некоторые гель
-
минтозы (бовисный цистицеркоз, эхинококкоз) являются гельминтозоонозами и представляют
постоянную опасность заражения людей.
Инвазированность крупного скота гельминтами в Костанайской области в последние годы
по нашим данным увеличилась, что обусловлено сменой формы собственности и финансовым
состоянием частно фермерских хозяйств, большинство из которых не способны приобретать
антгельминтики и регулярно проводить дегельминтизации животных.
В регионе гельминтозы крупного рогатого скота ещѐ не полностью изучены. На сегод
-
няшний день слабо изучена гельминтофауна крупного рогатого скота, степень инвазированности
его наиболее распространенными видами гельминтов, сроки заражения телят, изменения струк
-
туры и плотности популяций гельминтов у крупного рогатого скота в зависимости от возраста
животных, сезона года и зональных особенностей региона.
Лабораторные исследования состояли из копроскопических исследований с помощью
методов: Дарлинга, Фюлиборна
Ключевые слова: гельминтозы, профилактика, капроскопические исследования, иммуноло
-
гический метод.
The main role in increasing the production
of meat and other high-quality food products be-
longs tocattle breeding. This can be achieved by the
correct execution complex of general veterinary sa-
nitary and special events with considering of local
climatic and geographical conditions as well as.
Technology of keeping and breeding animals. Ho-
wever increasing of livestock, milk and meat produ-
cing of animals often disturbed by a variety of para-
sitic diseases.The most common infestations in catt-
le include: fascioliasis, dicroceliasis, monithes, dic-
tyocauliasis and strongylatosis of gastrointestinal
tract.It is promoted by many objective and subjective
reasons,but the main one is host-parasite relation-
ship, which is constantly improving, especilally from
the parasite's side.
The widespread of intestinal of parasites in
animals and humans is contributing to the intensive
colonization of environmental objects of their
agents, which in turn creates the conditions for high-
risk of new infections. Epizootic process arises and
develops as a result of the interaction of three
required elements: the source of the pathogen, the
mechanism of transmission (factor) and susceptible
animals. These three elements constitute the
epizootic chain and it is impossible to allocate a
main link. Exclusion of any part of the chain breaks
it, therefore interrupts the epizootic process.
In the body of farm animals parasitized
more than 200 species of helminths and protozoa.
This
facilitates
colonization
of
the
various
components of the environment (soil, surface water,
etc.) eggs and larvae of worms, and cysts (oocysts)
of intestinal pathogenic protozoa, thereby creating
the risk of new infections [2].
In Kazakhstan among the helminth of gas-
trointestinal tract of cattle are most often found
strongylosis, strongyloidiasis, fascioliasis, paramphi-
stomosis, monieziosis, capillariasis and others.
Last years, Kazakhstan has made signify-
cant progress in the treatment and prevention of pa-
rasitic diseases. However, damage to livestock by
helminths continues to be considerable.
Distribution helminthosis was studied in
2013-2015 by method of helminthological autopsies
cattle of different age groups in the slaughterhou-
ses, as well as during the slaughter of homestead
farms of different ownership forms. We analyze data
based on the results of the reports Anatomic patho-
logical researches in Kostanay region veterinary
laboratory.
ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ
82
Figure 1 - Conventional Zone invazirovannosti cattle Kostanai region
For an objective assessment of the situation
about helminthological was made a continuous
monitoring of the veterinary reports directly on the
farms, regular consultation with veterinary specia-
lists of farms, areas.
In the study helminth fauna since 2013 we
made 26 complete and 486 incomplete autopsies
helminthological carcases and certain organs of
cattle at slaughterhouses and on farms of Kostanay
region.
Based on the results of helminthological
autopsies in Kostanay region we found 3 types of
helminths in cattle.
It is found that in the gastro - intestinal tract
of cattle parasites 1 species of helminths in liver and
lungs -1 in the respiratory organs - 1.
Class combines the kind of cestodes Echi-
nococcus granulosus (Echinococcus uniloculari,
Echinococcus multilocularis). Class combines two
species of nematodes Neoascaris (N.vituloru), Dic-
tyocaulidas (D. viviparus).
Incidence and intensity of helminth infesta-
tions in cattle in the Kostanay region determined
according to quantitative studies faeces.
Echinococcosis (Echinococcus granulosus)
of cattle was found in all areas, but the most com-
mon of the disease was found in Zhitikara, Tara-
novsk, Mendygara, Dzhangeldi, Amangeldy areas
where the extent of infestation was on average 3.3%
Neoascaridosis,
Neoascaris
vitulorum,
amounted to the regional average of 0.5% in
Denisov and Kamysty region.
infestation of Dictyocaulus of cattle was
equal to an average of 1.2% with the highest
affected population in the Kostanay region.
The most important problem in this context
are hydatid disease (was changing within 2,5-4,1%).
According to helminthological research of
feces determined that the extent of Echinococcus
infestation of adult cattle in Kostanay region in all
seasons of the year ranged from 4.1% to 2.5%.
Regional seasonal dynamics of adult cattle infesta-
tion Kostanay region echinococcosis in the area, ac-
cording to koproscopy is a peak in June. Echino-
coccus summer was in the liver of animals, which
corresponds to the peak of the infestation, which
amounted to 4,1-3,5%.
In winter echinococcosis fertility declined
slightly in January and amounted to an average of
10,5 ± 4 ind. In
spring and summer marked increase
in fertility. In August, it amounted to 15,5 ± 4ekz.,
And on average it was 13 ± 4ekz. The slight
increase in the number of eggs in the feces of
echinococcus observed in spring and summer.
However, no significant difference in the number of
echinococcus eggs in different seasons of the year
is not mentioned. According to the results of autop-
sies helminthological echinococcus often found in
the liver of adult infested cattle throughout the year.
Therefore hydatid disease in the body of cattle para-
sites in all seasons. In the fall, winter and summer in
the liver was found for both adults and young
echinococci and spring only adults. The findings are
of practical importance when choosing anthelmin-
tics.
ВЕТЕРИНАРИЯ
83
With the age of the animal increases EI
maximum contamination of echinococcosis registe-
red animals aged from 4 to 10 years old (1,28 ±
0,1% -
2,35 ± 0,21%); AI observed maximum betwe
-
en the ages of 8 to 14 years.
According to the results of helminthos-
copycal research of feces of adult cattle found that
throughout the year the animals were to invade
Dictyocaulus . Extent of infestation ranged from 1.5
to 0.9%. In summer and autumn (August, Septem-
ber) animal fertility with Dictyocaulus slightly increa-
sed during the summer period with a decrease in
winter. The average number of Dictyocaulus eggs
adult cattle was 11,5 ± 6 ind. with minor variations in
the number of eggs diktikaulezom in different
seasons. In August, the infestation of animals was
an average of 18,6 ± 4 ind. /
Goal.
The results of the inspection of bodies and
carcasses on the slaughtering plants in Kostanay
region koproscopy fully confirmed by the results of
studies on the spread of helminthiasis cattle in the
study region.
Work to improve the health of the herds
neblagopoluchnyh helminthisms carried out in the
aforementioned holdings, these activities were
brought farm managers, agronomists, veterinary
service staff (milkmaids and gurtopravy) with them
were interviewed and lectures on various diseases.
Recommended updates Cultural pastbisch
by plowing and reseeding, raising them to new
lands, held annually replace the use of grassland
(pasture year, another hay), was expelled from the
places of grazing wetlands, lowland bogs and
meadows. In neblagopoluchnyh farms to full reco-
very practiced stall- range conditions and young
calves. Backyard playground picked paved or dry
natural surface level, with diversion ditches and
fitted equipment for watering and feeding.
In grazing calves and young stock grazed
their isolation in some areas pastures are not used
in the second half of last summer . Do not allow
animals to grazing raznyh owners on some
pastures.
Vypasavshihsya animals examined after a
statement on the stabling in November - December
and before the pasture to pasture for 21-30 days.
With extensive invasion degelmintizirovali
entire herd. In order to prevent rasseivaniya hel-
minth eggs on pasture after 10-12 days, the animals
were again examined for infection and a positive
result, and again degelmintizirovali.
Planning profilakticheskih activities carried
out each year, taking into account the epidemio-
logical situation, disease and natural and economic
conditions. The plan calls for a complex event,
complete coverage of the number of animals, re-
gardless of their affiliation. It ukazyvayut performers,
responsible for carrying out the activities, deadlines
and funds held.
Diagnostic examinations of animals of a
certain age, treatment and preventive measures,
excluding infected animals and measures to prevent
the external environment adolescariae dissemilyatsii
ponds, pastures, runs. In drawing up the plan are
based on the biology of helminth epizootology
disease. The plan is approved by the head of the
economy, brought to the professionals and staff of
service animals.
Veterinary carried out by qualified farms
and vetuchrezhdeny district must keep a record of
regular events held in helminthiasis in disadvan-
taged farms and farm. At the same time, should
keep journals in which otmechayut data on diag-
nostic surveys, deworming animals, disinfestation of
premises and the results of surveys of pastures .
Analysis of census data allows the executor to
determine performance, detect errors, correct them
in the future.
To achieve uspeha in the fight against
disease requires not only the participation of ve-
terinary experts, and zooengineers, farm managers,
and other employees of cattle that should have
some knowledge of the matter. The experience of
recovery from farms in helminthisms pokazyvaet
that put them into practice contributes to successful
eradication of infection.
It is possible to use different ways of
teaching staff -lektsii service animals, conversation,
leaflets, consultation, organizing and conducting
special courses helminthological. Measures against
helminths of cattle in the region of Kostanai region in
terms of prevention and therapy in many ways , to a
certain extent effective in other pastoral helmin-
thoses -fastsioleze, dicroceliasis, monithes, dictyo-
cauliasis. With this in mind, we consider it possible
to present them here in an expanded form.
These veterinary and sanitary examination
show that it detected, mostly those worms that are
found in the laboratory diagnosis koproscopycal
methods: hydatid disease. However, this type of
research increases the probability of finding those
who are not diagnosed helminths koproovoskopi-
cheskimi methods: fasciolosis, Dictyocaulus .
The results obtained in the study of helminth
fauna main types of worms in cattle are the basis for
anthelmintic activities at the optimum time.
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