Английский язык для экономистов
жүктеу/скачать 363,46 Kb.
|
04cdc9888f3c7a465e68b9438805de2f
- Бұл бет үшін навигация:
- 2. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения с инфинитивом в качестве определения.
- 3. Переведите на русский язык предложения с вводящим словом there.
- 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст. 7. Inflation
| Unit 7
Part 1 Грамматика и лексика: 1. Инфинитив в функции определения 2. Вводящее слово there Задание на дом 1. В разделе «Грамматические материалы» проработайте § 15 и 16. 2. Переведите на русский язык следующие предложения с инфинитивом в качестве определения. How much more efficiently than the government the private sector uses resources remains a problem to be discussed. To keep the economy as close as possible to full employment is an essential aim to be reached by the government. Larger investments in production expansion result in smaller amounts to be saved and to be distributed as dividends. Durable goods are goods to be used in production in future or to be consumed over a long period of time. A person starting his own business should have some financial capital to be used for buying needed inputs. Farmers normally attract additional labour force to be used at harvest time. 3. Переведите на русский язык предложения с вводящим словом there. Since the 1960s there has been an increasing tendency for population to move from city centers to the countryside. Although in a perfect market there should always be a variety of sellers, large numbers of sellers are not always available in the real life. There must be equilibrium between demand for and supply of goods. In the United States, there live at present over two hundred million people. There is clearly seen a tendency to put less weight on the government's role in an economy than in the past. There have recently been offered nationwide schemes providing incentives for industrial investment. 4. Прочитайте и переведите текст. 7. Inflation In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, inflation also reflects an erosion in the purchasing power of money – a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy. A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate, the annualized percentage change in a general price index (normally the Consumer Price Index) over time. Inflation's effects on an economy are various and can be simultaneously positive and negative. Negative effects of inflation include a decrease in the real value of money and other monetary items over time, uncertainty over future inflation may discourage investment and savings, and high inflation may lead to shortages of goods if consumers begin hoarding out of concern that prices will increase in the future. Positive effects include ensuring central banks can adjust nominal interest rates (intended to mitigate recessions), and encouraging investment in non-monetary capital projects. Economists generally agree that high rates of inflation and hyperinflation are caused by an excessive growth of the money supply. Views on which factors determine low to moderate rates of inflation are more varied. Low or moderate inflation may be attributed to fluctuations in real demand for goods and services, or changes in available supplies such as during scarcities, as well as to growth in the money supply. However, the consensus view is that a long sustained period of inflation is caused by money supply growing faster than the rate of economic growth. Today, most mainstream economists favor a low steady rate of inflation. Low (as opposed to zero or negative) inflation may reduce the severity of economic recessions by enabling the labor market to adjust more quickly in a downturn, and reduce the risk that a liquidity trap prevents monetary policy from stabilizing the economy. The task of keeping the rate of inflation low and stable is usually given to monetary authorities. Generally, these monetary authorities are the central banks that control the size of the money supply through the setting of interest rates, through open market operations, and through the setting of banking reserve requirements. A connection between inflation and unemployment has been drawn since the emergence of large scale unemployment in the 19th century, and connections continue to be drawn today. In Marxian economics, the unemployed serve as a reserve army of labour, which restrain wage inflation. жүктеу/скачать 363,46 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|