Л.Н. Гумилев атындағы ЕҰУ Хабаршысы
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noted that Jacob Grimm was strongly influenced by romantic ideas about the “spirit of the people” and its
reflection in language, emphasizing the role of folk dialects. Calling to study the “national” language in all
its diversity, Jacob Grimm had a great influence on the formation of the German study of dialects.
Study of the historical development of the Germanic languages enabled J. Grimm to infer their pho-
netic development. The first formulation of specific laws of sound changes in the language belongs to him
and to some of his contemporaries. The concept of sound law, introduced by F. Bopp in 1824 and devel-
oped by J. Grimm, at that time was not given such a principle importance; but it was developed by the next
generation of comparativists.
It can be said that the brothers Grimm stood at the beginnings of German lexicography by undertaking
a truly titanic work on drafting the first historical dictionary of the German language (from 1500 until the
first half of the 19th century). The preparatory work alone lasted 14 years, and in 1852 was published the
first volume (the brothers brought the dictionary up to the word “Frucht”). The burden of this infernal
work was made by Jacob Grimm,who was healthier and had greater work efficiency.The dictionary was
published in small editions, which were then combined in huge volumes.
The dictionary articles include a wide, if not-comprehensive information about the word: etymology,
history, vocabulary building, grammar and stylistic notes, different connotations ofthe meaning and usage
examples. So far, the “Dictionary of the German language” by the brothers Grimm is considered to be a
unique release,which has not had any analogues in the history of the world of lexicography. It’s repeatedly
reprinted and revised in the light of the changes in the language. Its last edition was published in 1961 and
had 32 volumes, comprising 350 thousand words.
Comparative-historical method of disclosing the origins of national culture and national spirit, de-
veloped by Jakob Grimm, appeared to be fairly versatile. In fact, the brothers Grimm brought German
philology from subordinate status, which it held in “the historical school of law”, and greatly expanded
its boundaries. They included linguistics, history of Germanic tribes and peoples, their customs, daily life,
ethnography and source study and historiography, and all kinds of patriotic literature monuments. They
included the German and comparative mythology, varied fields of folklore.
The Brothers Grimm found, published, translated and commented on the many monuments of Ger-
manic, Roman, Nordic and Celtic antiquities (“Song of Hildebrandte”, “German legends”, “Stories about
Irish Elves”, “Ancient Danish heroic songs” etc.). And so continuously one work after another right up
until their death. Perhaps something in their scientific pursuits seem now to be controversial and not free of
a certain bias. But, in the words of Wilhelm Scherer, “the momentum that came from them, and those new
goals, which they showed have now become inseparable from the process of the development of science,
and each new its sprout carries its part.”
“German grammar” by Grimm “... was the first description of an entire group of dialects, beginning
from the most ancient attested forms, and thus served as a model for subsequent studies of other groups
of dialects, attested by ancient documents; the smallest details are shown in it with diligence, or, better
said, reverently; but the delicate and challenging game of actions and effects, which explains the linguistic
phenomenon,has not yet been fully covered; It is rather a collection of observations, not explanations “ (A.
Meye).
In 1819 was published the first volume of the “German grammar” by Jacob Grimm (1785-1863 c.e.).
The second, completely revised edition came to light in 1822,while all four volumes had been completed
by 1837.In 1840 J. Grimm began preparing the third edition of his work, revising most of it, but he man-
aged to finish only the first part of the first volume. Theoretical work on linguistics by J.Grimmis collected
in the first volume of “Minor works”, published in 1864.
The third founder of comparative method in linguistics was A. H. Vostokov. He studied only Slavic
languages. Vostokov was the first to point to the need for data mapping in the monuments of the dead
languages, with evidence of the living languages and dialects, that later became a mandatory condition of
linguists in comparative and historical perspective.
Rasmus Rusk, Danish linguist and orientalist, one of the founders of Indo-European linguistics, com-
parative-historical linguistics. He left works in the field of German studies, Iranian Studies, African Stud-
ies, Baltic Depatment, Assyriology. He discovered regular correspondences between Indo-European and
Germanic noisy consonants (movement of consonants), proved (1826) the ancient Avesta language and its
close relationship with Sanskrit. In Iceland he completed the composition about the origin of the ancient
Nordic or Icelandic language, a language that has paramount importance in the history of Comparative
Linguistics and Germanic Philology. The first part of it is the first attempt to comparative grammar method-
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