Диплом жұмысы 5В011900- «Шетел тілі: екі шет тілі»
Grouping words into grammatical groups
жүктеу/скачать 308 Kb.
|
Ақберді Дина Шт-28
| 2.5 Grouping words into grammatical groups
The tradition of grouping words into certain grammatical groups, differentiating them, and systematizing them has been developing and developing since ancient times in terms of Synchrony. Knowing the features of the words included in the vocabulary of each language, the nature of the grammatical structure, and grouping them into a certain system is the most important problem of morphology [30, 42 p.]. In linguistics, there are different views and judgments about the nature of Word classes. According to one of them, Word classes are considered lexical and grammatical categories of syllables. according to skincludes, word classes are considered formal and grammatical categories of words, and by third-purely grammatical groups of words. The division of Word classes through the word transformation system is combined with grammatical categories. For example, in many languages, including Russian and Kazakh, the singular-plural category and the participle category are used as nouns and their synonyms. In English and Kazakh, the categories of grammatical tense, Rai, jaw, verb, in Russian, the category of grammatical sinat (vid) is considered as grammatical categories that are characteristic of verbs and characterize them. There is an opinion that adjectives and adverbs are not always easily separated from nouns in languages where noun words cannot be clearly separated from each other by word — transforming forms, for example, in the Kazakh language with the English language. However, it would be a mistake to say that there is no morphological feature in English and Kazakh, so as to distinguish adjectives from nouns. Nouns and adjectives, as mentioned above, are separated from each other in terms of forms of Word formation, although it is noted that adjectives are distinguished from nouns that have a general categorical meaning-from nouns that have a substantive meaning. In addition, in the Kazakh language, adjectives are distinguished from nouns by form-forming affixes (suffixes), as in the Kazakh language. Third, - morphologically, in comparison with nouns, adjectives are characterized by a shortage of forms [35]. The presence of a singular — plural category and a participle category in nouns, and the absence of these categories in adjectives or, conversely, the fact that the adjective category is characteristic not of nouns, but of adjectives, indicates that these classes of words are distinguished from each other by their characteristic grammatical categories. A. I. Smirnitsky, a researcher of the agronomist language, wrote about this: "adjectives are characterized by a special category, in particular, the category of adjectives, although they cannot have the category of participles, singular — plural. Thus, morphologically, the relationship between nouns and adjectives is expressed as follows: on the one hand, nouns have two categories (singular — plural and participle) that are not present in adjectives, on the other hand, adjectives have a Category (adjective category) that is not present in nouns. Therefore, in general, adjectives and nouns are distinguished from three points of view, from three different categories." [31] When distinguishing word classes from each other, it is of great importance to distinguish the structural features of different languages, especially the morphological structure of words in them from each other. For example, in Russian, many words contain grammatical indicators that indicate which word class they belong to, and without such indicators, the main word cannot be used independently, in English and Turkic languages, the bases or roots of words continue to be used independently as independent words, and they do not necessarily contain grammatical indicators that indicate which word class they belong to. This is one of the main features of English and Kazakh words [32, 33]. In this regard, the researchers believe that the syntactic sign plays a crucial role in the differentiation of Word classes in the agrochemical language. In the general grammatical description of Word classes, their morphological features and syntactic features are equally important. But the syntactic sign is considered generalized and takes the first place in the grammatical description of the word. "It is known that in the agrochemical language, the morphological feature performs an auxiliary function in determining the majority of Word classes. Therefore, it is necessary to define them on the basis of two different signs: magna (categorical Magna) and syntactic (ability to combine and function in a sentence) signs." Adverbs denote the adjective, season, quantity, state of the action of the action, and therefore, in conjunction with verbs, they precede. Assistant in the Kazakh language. pronouns, declensions, and prepositions in the English language are combined into nouns, expressing the participation of objects in each other or in an action, and are understood as auxiliary words directly related to nouns, and not to other classes of words. Articles are also recognized as auxiliary words that refer to and are characteristic of nouns, rather than other word classes. In this regard, articles are used in conjunction with nouns. And imitative words are combined with verbs placed in front of them. So. word classes are distinguished from each other by their general categorical meaning, morphological and syntactic features. жүктеу/скачать 308 Kb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
|