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Methods of youth and pedagogical psychology
Let’s look at some of these methods.
Observation is the study of mental characteristics over a long period of time,
systematically, on the basis of a goal. Observation is a universal method and is used in
a variety of situations. Scientific observation is radically different from vital (non-
scientific) observation. Life observation -
in everyday life, it is carried out without a
plan and depends on various coincidences.
Goal orientation . Observing the concrete manifestation
of his personal
qualities, not the student in general, in different situations and in different types
of activities - in the process of play, study, work, communication.
Plan. Before starting the observation, identify specific tasks (what to
observe), plan structure (time and means), identify indicators (what to
record), possible errors and ways to prevent them, predict the expected results.
'should cry. In this case, the observed feature should be clearly defined (they
should not be too many). The purpose of follow-up should be to develop ways
to correct behavioral deficiencies found.
Independence. Monitoring should be
a task that should be done
independently, not on the go.
Naturalness. Psychological and pedagogical observation should be
conducted in natural conditions for students. It should be conducted without the
teacher’s participation so that the student does not feel that they are being
observed.
Systematic. Observations should be conducted at the teacher’s discretion, not
on a regular basis, systematically, or after a specified interval.
Objectivity . In
the process of observation, it is necessary to record not
objective assumptions, but objective facts, actions, objective features of
students' behavior and draw conclusions on this basis.
Note. All information obtained must be recorded in a specific system. The
results obtained should be recorded during or immediately after the observation.
However, the observation method also has drawbacks. These are:
The passive state of the examiner.
Errors in recording.
Inability to return.
Subjectivism in the analysis of results.
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The advantage of the observation method is that there is an opportunity to analyze
activities that cannot be studied experimentally, to study student behavior in a natural
setting.
Observation is one of the main methods used in pedagogical practice. Observation
intervals should be age-dependent.
From birth to 2-3 months - every day;
2-3 months to 1 year - every week;
Early childhood, ie 1-3 years - every month;
From 3 to 6-7 years - once in half a year;
At the age of 7-11 years - follow-up once a year.
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