Международный научно-образовательный электронный журнал «образование и наука в XXI веке»
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| Experiment method .
The experimental method is divided into natural and laboratory experiment types. This method allows not only to describe mental states, but also to explain them. In contrast to observation, a psychological experiment implies that the researcher may be actively involved in the activity being tested. In particular, it creates the conditions for the psychological fact to be clearly manifested, to be changed in the direction desired by the researcher, to be repeated several times for research in all respects. A characteristic feature of a laboratory experiment is that the subject is tested only if he or she conducts it in a laboratory setting with the help of special psychological equipment and the test subject's behavior is guided (although, as a rule, the test subject is the essence of the experiment). even if he does not know what it consists of, what exactly it is, and for what purpose) is also determined by the attitude of the person. With the help of a laboratory experiment, it is possible to study the properties of attention, the peculiarities of perception, memory, and so on. Nowadays, laboratory experiments are often conducted in such a way that some psychological aspects of the activity that a person can perform under normal conditions are modeled. In particular, the experiment simulates a situation of considerable emotional tension, during which the test subject, for example, a professional pilot, can make understood decisions. It can be set to perform complex actions that require a high level of coordination, react to the readings on the instruments, and so on. The natural experiment (first proposed by AF Lazursky in 1910) was designed to prevent the stress generated by the subject from knowing that the experiment was being conducted, and to allow the study to be performed under normal, natural conditions (lesson, conversation, game, homework, 435 etc.). For example, the study of whether the effectiveness of memorizing material depends on the instruction to store it in memory for a long time is an example of a natural experiment. A group of 0 'students are introduced to the material to be studied and say that they will be asked about this material the next day. In another group, students are asked to take a lesson a week after the course material has been covered in the same way. In fact, in both groups, students were asked two weeks later. It is in the process of this natural experiment that the advantages of guidance designed to preserve material for a long time are identified. A natural experiment that performs the functions of psychological-pedagogical research is called a psychological-pedagogical experiment. Its role in the study of cognitive abilities of students at different ages, in determining the specific ways of shaping the personality of the student is enormous. The psychological-pedagogical experiment consists of three parts. Determinant, formative, control experiments. In a diagnostic (confirming) experiment, the level of development of a mental process in the subjects is determined. For example, a child's level of memory development can be determined using the "Tendency" test. If the mental process identified in the formative experiment is behind the norm, special training is conducted to develop it. Returning to the example, there are classes on memory development. In control experiments, the diagnostic method is repeated once again to determine the effectiveness of the formative effect. The "Tendency" test is repeated to determine the effectiveness of the formative effect using special mathematical and statistical methods. жүктеу/скачать 12,18 Mb. Достарыңызбен бөлісу:
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