Read and translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the use of new words on the theme alimentary tract
1) The liver consisting of lobes is covered with a fibrous coat. 2. The peritoneum is a serous coat covering the inner surface of the abdominal wall. 3. The blood passing through the portal vein is carried to the liver. 4. The digestive tract is the digestive system of the organs of real multicellular animals, designed for processing and extracting nutrients from food, absorbing them into the blood and removing undigested residues from the body. 5. The digestive tract includes: mouth; pharynx and esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
Speaking
2). Read and translate the Text “The Alimentary Tract ” and divide it into logical parts.
For example:
1. Introduction
2. Mouth
3. Stomach
4. Small & large intestines
5. Liver & gallbladder
6. Pancreas
Post-reading exercises
Control: questions to the theme;
-what can you tell about alimentary tract?
-what anatomical structure have the alimentary tract?
-what portions is the alimentary tract composed of?
-what comes above (below) the stomach (small and large intestines, liver, etc .
Consolidation of new lexics
Read & remember the pronunciation of the following words. Translate them into your native language:
List of new words
Membraneous [membreiniәs],
jejunum [ʤɪˈʤuːnəm]
caecum [‘si:kәm],
esophagus [ i:‘sofәg әs ],
duodenum [dju:o(u)‘di:nәm ],
through [θru:],
ileum [ iliәm],
abdominal [‘æbdәmen ],
diaphragm [daiәfræm]
Translate these words and word-combinations.
The pancreas is a long thin gland lying behind the stomach, the weight of the salivary glands, exact length of the intestine, serous coat, let me see your tongue, to pass through the vessels, a thin – walled muscular tube, the hard and soft palates are in the mouth, the form of the stomach.
ANATOMY OF ALIMENTARY TRACT
The alimentary tract is best considered as a muscular tube lined internally by an epithelium that varies in structure according to specialized functions required at particular sites along its length; with a few local variations, the structure of the musculature is similar throughout.
The function of the alimentary tract is to take in raw food material and to fragment it into small portions. These are then acted upon by a series of secretions, mainly enzymes, which convert the large molecules into smaller molecules, thus permitting their absorption into the blood and lymph circulation
The small molecules are mainly amino acids, small peptides, carbohydrates, sugars and lipids, which are transported by the blood and lymph mainly to the liver, where they are used as the building blocks in the synthesis of essential proteins, carbohydrates and lipids. The three functional components are the oral cavity, the simple transport passages and the digestive (alimentary) tract.
The digestive tract includes: mouth; pharynx and esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus.
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